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2026-02-28
Modified Inverted F-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna with Circular and Rectangular Slots and Partial Ground for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 166, 227-234, 2026
Abstract
This paper presents an inverted F-shaped antenna with 40 × 25 × 1.6 mm3 dimensions designed for IoT applications. It can operate in the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) band. This antenna was constructed on an FR-4 substrate, making it well-suited for wireless applications. The antenna consisted of a reverse F-shaped radiating structure with rectangular and circular slots to obtain enhanced bandwidth and suitable return loss. The proposed antenna achieved a simulated reflection coefficient of -19.17 dB at 2.45 GHz, with a bandwidth of 23.26 %. It also showed an acceptable radiation efficiency of 83.84% and a maximum gain of 3.40 dB.. This provided a bidirectional pattern of radiation which proves its quality in IoT applications. The antenna exhibited a slight difference between the simulation and measurement results, verifying its effectiveness. Moreover, the designed antenna is implemented in a home automation system to verify its validity in IoT application, and the results are highly significant.
Citation
Md. Arifuzzaman, and Md. Masud Rana, "Modified Inverted F-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna with Circular and Rectangular Slots and Partial Ground for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 166, 227-234, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERC25110301
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