volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This work presents a miniaturized dual-polarized endfire dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array tailored for millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G terminal systems. The proposed antenna element integrates a dielectric resonator with a cavity structure, both realized using standard printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication. Two orthogonal resonant modes of the DRA are excited to generate vertical (VP) and horizontal (HP) polarizations. To achieve broadband characteristics, two orthogonal cavity modes are further introduced and coupled with the DRA modes, enabling dual-mode operation. The VP and HP elements utilize an identical physical configuration, ensuring a highly compact architecture. Based on this unit, a four-element array was designed, fabricated, and experimentally verified. Measurements confirm an operational bandwidth of 26.1-29.8 GHz for both polarization states, with peak gains of 10.0 dBi and 10.1 dBi for VP and HP, respectively. Furthermore, both polarizations demonstrate beam-steering capability, indicating that the proposed dual-polarized endfire DRA array is a promising solution for next-generation 5G mmWave terminal applications.

1. Chettri, Lalit and Rabindranath Bera, "A comprehensive survey on Internet of Things (IoT) toward 5G wireless systems," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 16-32, 2020.
doi:10.1109/JIOT.2019.2948888 Google Scholar

2. Tahir, Mohammad, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Mohammad Dabbagh, Amna Mughees, Abdul Ahad, and Kazi Istiaque Ahmed, "A review on application of blockchain in 5G and beyond networks: Taxonomy, field-trials, challenges and opportunities," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 115876-115904, 2020.
doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003020 Google Scholar

3. Feng, Botao, Liangying Li, Kwok L. Chung, and Yansheng Li, "Wideband widebeam dual circularly polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna/array with meta-columns loading for 5G and beyond," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 1, 219-228, 2020.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3008632 Google Scholar

4. Ivashina, Marianna, Artem Vilenskiy, Hsi-Tseng Chou, Joachim Oberhammer, and M. Ng Mou Kehn, "Antenna technologies for beyond-5G wireless communication: Challenges and opportunities," 2021 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 1-2, Taipei, Taiwan, 2021.
doi:10.23919/ISAP47258.2021.9614381

5. Zhang, Jing, Xiaohu Ge, Qiang Li, Mohsen Guizani, and Yanxia Zhang, "5G millimeter-wave antenna array: Design and challenges," IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol. 24, No. 2, 106-112, 2016.
doi:10.1109/mwc.2016.1400374rp Google Scholar

6. Naqvi, Aqeel Hussain and Sungjoon Lim, "Review of recent phased arrays for millimeter-wave wireless communication," Sensors, Vol. 18, No. 10, 3194, 2018.
doi:10.3390/s18103194 Google Scholar

7. Sadhu, Bodhisatwa, Yahya Tousi, Joakim Hallin, Stefan Sahl, Scott K. Reynolds, Örjan Renström, Kristoffer Sjögren, Olov Haapalahti, Nadav Mazor, Bo Bokinge, Gustaf Weibull, Håkan Bengtsson, Anders Carlinger, Eric Westesson, Jan-Erik Thillberg, Leonard Rexberg, Mark Yeck, Xiaoxiong Gu, Mark Ferriss, Duixian Liu, Daniel Friedman, and Alberto Valdes-Garcia, "A 28-GHz 32-element TRX phased-array IC with concurrent dual-polarized operation and orthogonal phase and gain control for 5G communications," IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, Vol. 52, No. 12, 3373-3391, 2017.
doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2766211 Google Scholar

8. Dunworth, Jeremy D, Aliakbar Homayoun, Bon-Hyun Ku, Yu-Chin Ou, Kaushik Chakraborty, Gang Liu, Tony Segoria, Jongrit Lerdworatawee, Joung Won Park, Hyun-Chul Park, H. Hedayati, D. Lu, P. Monat, K. Douglas, and V. Aparin, "A 28 GHz bulk-CMOS dual-polarization phased-array transceiver with 24 channels for 5G user and basestation equipment," 2018 IEEE International Solid-state Circuits Conference-(ISSCC), 70-72, Francisco, CA, USA, 2018.
doi:10.1109/ISSCC.2018.8310188

9. Moreno, Resti Montoya, Juha Ala-Laurinaho, Alexander Khripkov, Janne Ilvonen, and Ville Viikari, "Dual-polarized mm-Wave endfire antenna for mobile devices," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 8, 5924-5934, 2020.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.2989556 Google Scholar

10. Moreno, Resti Montoya, Joni Kurvinen, Juha Ala-Laurinaho, Alexander Khripkov, Janne Ilvonen, Jari van Wonterghem, and Ville Viikari, "Dual-polarized mm-Wave endfire chain-slot antenna for mobile devices," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 1, 25-34, 2020.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3001434 Google Scholar

11. Hsu, Yao-Wen, Tzu-Chien Huang, He-Sheng Lin, and Yi-Cheng Lin, "Dual-polarized quasi Yagi-Uda antennas with endfire radiation for millimeter-wave mimo terminals," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 12, 6282-6289, 2017.
doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2734238 Google Scholar

12. Lu, Rong, Chao Yu, Yuanwei Zhu, and Wei Hong, "Compact millimeter-wave endfire dual-polarized antenna array for low-cost multibeam applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 12, 2526-2530, 2020.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2020.3038790 Google Scholar

13. Zhang, Jin, Kun Zhao, Lei Wang, Shuai Zhang, and Gert Frølund Pedersen, "Dual-polarized phased array with end-fire radiation for 5G handset applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 4, 3277-3282, 2019.
doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2937584 Google Scholar

14. Li, Hao, Yue Li, Le Chang, Wangyu Sun, Xu Qin, and Hanyang Wang, "A wideband dual-polarized endfire antenna array with overlapped apertures and small clearance for 5G millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 2, 815-824, 2020.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3016512 Google Scholar

15. Li, Yunli, Fan Wu, Dingwei Xi, Zhihao Jiang, Chao Yu, and Wei Hong, "A compact dual-polarized endfire antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave terminal," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 6, 1466-1470, 2023.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2023.3246720 Google Scholar

16. Zhu, Yuqing and Changjiang Deng, "Wideband dual-polarized endfire phased array antenna with small ground clearance for 5G mmWave mobile terminals," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 6, 5469-5474, 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2023.3263007 Google Scholar

17. Zhu, Yuqing, Huidong Xu, and Changjiang Deng, "Single-layer dual-polarized endfire phased array antenna for 5G mm-Wave mobile terminals," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 6, 1939-1943, 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3374884 Google Scholar

18. Guo, Yujiao, Yujian Li, Junhong Wang, and Lei Ge, "A compact substrate-integrated dual-polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna with endfire radiation for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 10, 8332-8337, 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2023.3307479 Google Scholar

19. Sun, Kai, Boning Wang, Tianming Yang, Sihao Liu, Yongpin Chen, Yanwen Zhao, and Deqiang Yang, "Dual-polarized millimeter-wave endfire array based on substrate integrated mode-composite transmission line," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 1, 341-352, 2021.
doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3098551 Google Scholar

20. Sun, Libin, Yue Li, and Zhijun Zhang, "Wideband dual-polarized endfire antenna based on compact open-ended cavity for 5G mm-Wave mobile phones," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 3, 1632-1642, 2021.
doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3113701 Google Scholar

21. Zhao, Chen Xi, Yong Mei Pan, and Guo Dong Su, "Design of filtering dielectric resonator antenna arrays using simple feeding networks," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 8, 7252-7257, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3170939 Google Scholar

22. Liu, Yan-Ting and Kwok Wa Leung, "28 GHz substrate-integrated filtering dielectric resonator antenna array," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 10, 9900-9905, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3188427 Google Scholar

23. Yang, Mei-Di, Yong-Mei Pan, Yu-Xiang Sun, and Kwok-Wa Leung, "Wideband circularly polarized substrate-integrated embedded dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 2, 1145-1150, 2019.
doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2938629 Google Scholar

24. Shi, Jin, Yi Guo, Ruijing Zhao, Bowen Wu, Yanyun Chen, and Wei Zhang, "Endfire substrate integrated dielectric resonator antenna with dual-beam radiation for millimeter-wave application," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1523-1527, 2024.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2024.3361558 Google Scholar

25. Omar, Ahmed Abdelmottaleb, Junho Park, Wonpyo Kwon, and Wonbin Hong, "A compact wideband vertically polarized end-fire millimeter-wave antenna utilizing slot, dielectric, and cavity resonators," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 9, 5234-5243, 2021.
doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3061111 Google Scholar

26. Yang, Wen-Wen, Xin-Hao Ding, Tian-Wen Chen, Lei Guo, Wei Qin, and Jian-Xin Chen, "A shared-aperture antenna for (3.5, 28) GHz terminals with end-fire and broadside steerable beams in millimeter wave band," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 10, 9101-9111, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3178159 Google Scholar

27. Cui, Lun-Xue, Xin-Hao Ding, Wen-Wen Yang, Lei Guo, Li-Heng Zhou, and Jian-Xin Chen, "Communication compact dual-band hybrid dielectric resonator antenna for 5G millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 1, 1005-1010, 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2022.3211389 Google Scholar

Dr. Xiao-Mei Ni

Dr. Xin-Hao Ding