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2026-05-10
Noninvasive Brain Tumor Detection Using a Frequency Selective Surface Gain Enhanced Antenna
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 170, 121-131, 2026
Abstract
This article introduces a microwave system operating in the low-frequency band of 1.6-2.8 GHz, specifically designed for biomedical applications. Tumor detection in the human brain was achieved by monitoring variations in antenna S-parameter response. A high-gain antenna was positioned on the skull's surface, whose gain and directivity are enhanced by backing it with a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) array. This arrangement effectively channels energy toward human tissues, which facilitates tumor detection. The combined Antenna-FSS structure improved the gain and directivity by 5.3 and 5.1 dB, respectively. Simulations were conducted using a multilayered skull model consisting of the skin, skull, and brain. The experimental validation was done by performing measurements using a near-realistic human brain phantom and by inserting a tumor in the brain area of the fabricated phantom. The study revealed that the measured S-parameters vary by approximately 11.38 dB when a 6 mm × 6 mm tumor is introduced into the brain region. Additionally, S-parameters are analysed by varying shapes, sizes, and locations of tumors within the brain. The study's findings indicate that variations in the characteristics of the S-parameter can be potentially utilized for detecting tumors in the human brain.
Citation
Sanjeev Sharma, Daljeet Singh, Mariella Särestöniemi, Teemu Myllylä, and Rajeev Kumar, "Noninvasive Brain Tumor Detection Using a Frequency Selective Surface Gain Enhanced Antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 170, 121-131, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERC25121103
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