volume | PIER Journals

2011-09-01

Variable Coupling Ratio Y-Branch Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) Coupler with Suspended Waveguide Taper

Abang Annuar Ehsan,

Dr. Abang Annuar Ehsan

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Malaysia

Homepage

Sahbudin Shaari,

Dr. Sahbudin Shaari

Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Malaysia

Homepage

Mohd Kamil Abd-Rahman

Prof. Mohd Kamil Abd-Rahman

Faculty of Applied Science

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Malaysia

Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 23, 249-263, 2011

doi:10.2528/PIERC11070301 | Google Scholar

Abstract

A variable coupling ratio Y-Branch plastic optical fiber (POF) coupler based on acrylic has been developed. This device utilized two optical designs: a Y-branch structure with a novel suspended waveguide taper and a simple attenuation technique based on lateral displacement of two fibers for the non-symmetrical coupling ratios. The high index contrast waveguide taper is constructed on the acrylic block itself where the area surrounding the waveguide taper has been designed in such a way that it is surrounded by an open air. A simple attenuation technique based on lateral displacement of two adjoining fibers for each of the two output ports has been proposed and presented for the non-symmetrical coupling ratios. Lateral displacement of the fiber is set from 4.4 mm down to 1.6 mm for output fiber 1 and 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm for output port 2. Numerical analysis has been done on the lateral displacement of the output fibers which shows the device is able to generate non-symmetrical coupling ratios. Device modeling has been performed using non-sequential ray tracing technique on the Y-branch coupler performing as a 3 dB coupler with an excess loss of 1.84 dB and a coupling ratio of 50:50. The designed coupling ratios vary from 1% to 45% for port 1 and 99% down to 55% for port 2 whereas in the simulated device, ratios vary from 7.65% to 39.85% for port 1 and from 92.35% down to 60.15% for port 2. Fabrication of the device is done by producing the device structures on an acrylic block using high speed CNC machining tool. The fabricated device has an excess loss of 5.85 dB while the coupling ratios are 56.86% and 43.14% when operating as a 3 dB coupler. In the variable coupling ratio mode, the coupling ratios are 10.09% to 32.88% for port 1 and 89.91% down to 67.12% for port 2. The excess loss of the fabricated device varies from 5.85 dB to 8.49 dB.

Download Full Article (628) View Full Article volume

Citation

Copy Export

Abang Annuar Ehsan, Sahbudin Shaari, and Mohd Kamil Abd-Rahman, "Variable Coupling Ratio Y-Branch Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) Coupler with Suspended Waveguide Taper," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 23, 249-263, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIERC11070301

References

1. Ziemann, O., J. Krauser, P. E. Zamzow, and W. Daum, "POF Handbook: Optical Short Range Transmission System,", 233-293, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2008.
doi: --- Either ISSN or Journal title must be supplied. Google Scholar

2. Mizuno, H., O. Sugihara, T. Kaino, N. Okamoto, and M. Ohama, "Compact Y-branch-type polymeric optical waveguide devices with large-core connectable to plastic optical fibers," Jap. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 44, No. 2, 8504-8506, 2005. Google Scholar

3. Klotzbuecher, T., T. Braune, D. Dadic, M. Sprzagala, and A. Koch, "Fabrication of optical 1 × 2 POF couplers using the laser-LIGA technique ," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4941, 121-132, Brugge, Belgium, SPIE, 2003.
doi:10.1364/AO.33.002307 Google Scholar

4. Takezawa, Y., S. Akasaka, S. Ohara, T. Ishibashi, H. Asano, and N. Taketani, "Low excess losses in a Y-branching plastic optical waveguide formed through injection molding," Appl. Opt., Vol. 33, No. 12, 2307-2312, 1994.
doi:10.2528/PIER09012903 Google Scholar

5. Ehsan, A. A., S. Shaari, and M. K. Abd-Rahman, "1 × 2 Y branch plastic optical fiber waveguide coupler for optical access-card system," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 91, 85-100, 2009.
doi:10.1049/el:19960503 Google Scholar

6. Suzuki, S., T. Kitoh, Y. Inoue, Y. Yamada, Y. Hibino, K. Moriwaki, and M. Yanagisawa, "Integrated optic Y-branching waveguides with an asymmetric branching ratio," Electron. Lett., Vol. 32, No. 8, 735-736, 1996. Google Scholar

7. Kurokawa, H., H. Kawashima, H. Kasai, M. Kuroda, T. Yoshimura, and K. Asam, "An asymmetric optical splitter and its application to optical monitoring devices," LEOS 14th Ann. Meet., Vol. 1, 232-233, San Diego, USA, 2001.
doi:10.1109/3.772181 Google Scholar

8. Lin, H. B., J. Y. Su, R. S. Cheng, and W. S. Wang, "Novel optical single-mode asymmetric-branches for variable power splitting," IEEE J. Quant. Electron., Vol. 35, No. 7, 1092-1096, 1999. Google Scholar

9. Love, J. D. and W. M. Henry, "Asymmetric multimode Y-Junction splitters," J. Opt. Quant. Electron., Vol. 29, 379-392, 1997.
doi:10.2528/PIER09112206 Google Scholar

10. Ehsan, A. A., S. Shaari, and M. K. Abd-Rahman, "Metal-based 1×2 and 1×4 asymmetric plastic optical fiber couplers for optical code generating devices," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 101, 1-16, 2010. Google Scholar

11. Ehsan, A. A., Plastic optical fiber couplers for portable optical access card system, Ph.D. Thesis, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 2010.
doi:10.1364/AO.30.000645

12. Kagami, M., Y. Sakai, and H. Okada, "Variable-ratio tap for plastic optical fiber," Appl. Opt., Vol. 30, No. 6, 645-649, 1991. Google Scholar

13. Weinert, A., Plastic Optical Fibers: Principles, Components and Installation , 104, MCD Verlag, Munich, 1999.

14. Ehsan, A. A., S. Shaari, and M. K. Abd-Rahman, "Plastic optical fiber coupler with high index contrast waveguide taper," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 20, 125-138, 2011. Google Scholar