volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Two 2-D natural fractal monopoles generated by electro-deposition are characterized in term of measured return loss. Depending on their different shapes, previously reported multi-band behaviour and new ultra-wideband (UWB) characteristics are obtained. Finally, sufficient efficiencies are measured for both antennas proving their possible use as radiating element.

1. Puente, C., J. Romeu, R. Pous, and A. Cardama, "On the behaviour of the Sierpinski multi-band fractal antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 46, No. 4, 517-524, Apr. 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.664115 Google Scholar

2. Xu, L. and M. Y. W. Chia, "Multi-band characteristics of two fractal antennas," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 23, No. 4, 242-245, Nov. 1999. Google Scholar

3. Werner, D. H., A. R. Bretones, and B. R. Long, "Radiation characteristics of thin-wire ternary fractal trees," IEE Electron. Lett., Vol. 35, No. 8, 609-610, Apr. 1999.
doi:10.1049/el:19990478 Google Scholar

4. Puente, C., J. Romeu, and A. Cardama, "The Koch monopole: A small fractal antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 48, No. 11, 1773-1781, Nov. 2000. Google Scholar

5. Anguera, J., C. Puente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, "Fractal-shaped antennas: A review," Wiley Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering, Vol. 2, 1620-1635, 2005. Google Scholar

6. Anguera, J., E. Martinez, C. Puente, C. Borja, and J. Soler, "Broadband dual-frequency microstrip patch antenna with modified Sierpinski fractal geometry," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 1, 66-73, Jan. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.822433 Google Scholar

7. Puente, C., J. Claret, F. Sagues, J. Romeu, M. Q. Lopez-Salvans, and R. Pous, "Multi-band properties of a fractal tree antenna generated by electrochemical deposition," EE Electron. Lett., Vol. 32, No. 25, 2298-2299, Dec. 1996.
doi:10.1049/el:19961579 Google Scholar

8. Rmili, H., O. Mrabet, J. M. Floch, and J. L. Miane, "Study of an electrochemically-deposed 3D-fractal tree-monopole antenna," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 55, No. 4, 1045-1050, Apr. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.893392 Google Scholar

9. Allam, L., T. Devers, and V. Fleury, "Capteurs de molecules reducrices,", brevet CNRS/Universitie d'Orleans, FR00/10147, 2000. Google Scholar

10. Dumond, C., M. Khelloufi, and L. Allam, "Multiband and ultrawideband properties of 2-D electrochemically-deposited random fractal monopole antennas," PIERS Proceedings , 850-851, Marrakesh, Morocco, Mar. 20-23, 2011. Google Scholar

11. Trigueros, P. P., J. Claret, F. Mas, and F. Sagues, "Pattern morphologies in zinc electro-deposition," J. Electroanal. Chem., Vol. 312, 219-235, 1991. Google Scholar

12. Fleury, V., W. A. Watters, L. Allam, and T. Devers, "Rapid galvanic electroplating of insulators," Nature, Vol. 416, 716-719, 2002.
doi:10.1038/416716a Google Scholar

13. Anguera, J., J. P. Daniel, C. Borja, J. Mumbru, C. Puente, T. Leduc, N. Laeveren, and P. van Roy, "Metallized foams for fractal-shaped microstrip antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 6, 20-38, Dec. 2008.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2008.4772718 Google Scholar

14. Anguera, J., J. P. Daniel, C. Borja, J. Mumbru, C. Puente, T. Leduc, K. Sayegrih, and P. van Roy, "Metallized foams for antenna design: Application to fractal-shaped Sierpinski-Carpet monopole," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 104, 239-251, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10032003 Google Scholar

15., Fractalyse 2.3, Laboratoire TheMa (CNRS --- Universitie de Franche-Comte), http://www.fractalyse.org. Google Scholar

16. Image J^TM, Java image processing program inspired by NIH Image, , http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/. Google Scholar

17. Anguera, J., C. Puente, E. Martinez, E. Rozan, "The fractal Hilbert monopole: A two-dimensional wire," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 36, No. 2, 102-104, Jan. 2003.
doi:10.1002/mop.10687 Google Scholar

18. Abosh, A. M. and M. E. Bialkowski, "Design of ultra-wideband planar monopole antennas of circular and elliptical shape," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 1, 17-23, Jan. 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.912946 Google Scholar

19. Wheeler, H. A., The radian-sphere around a small antenna, 1325-1331, Proc. IRE, Aug. 1959.

20. McKinzie, III and W. E., "A modified Wheeler cap method for measuring antenna efficiency," IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation,, Vol. 1, 542-545, 1997. Google Scholar

21. Austin, B. A., "Resonant mode limitations with the Wheeler method of radiation efficiency measurement," IEE Colloquium on Advances in the Direct Measurement of Antenna Radiation Characteristics in Indoor Environments, 7/1-7/4, 1989. Google Scholar

Dr. Christophe Dumond

Dr. Mokhtar Khelloufi

Dr. Levi Allam