volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A metamaterial based electronically controlled microstrip structure, performing as leaky wave (LW) antenna with beam steering capability was synthesized. The structure has the configuration of metamaterial transmission line(TL) composed of cascade composite right- /left-handed(CRLH) unit cells. The direction of maximum radiation is tuned via the variation of varactros' capacities incorporated to the structure. Theoretical analysis and synthesis, based on the metamaterial TL theory, was made and novel methods to realize some of the elements of the units cells are proposed. Results, received via simulation, demonstrate that the LW antenna has steering capability of the direction of maximum radiation in a range of 40°, gain changing a little, 6 dB to 7 dB, during the scanning, whereas small number of cells is enough to obtain this performance.

1. Wang, H., S. Chen, L. X. Ran, J. T. Huangfu, and J. A. Kong, "Reconfigurable cloak for multiple operating frequencies," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 93, No. 4, Art. ID 043515, Jul. 2008. Google Scholar

2. Sievenpiper, D. F., J. H. Schaner, H. J. Song, R. Y. Loo, and G. Tangonan, "Two-dimensional beam steering using an electrically tunable impedance surface," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 51, No. 10, 2713-2722, Oct. 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.817558 Google Scholar

3. Macial, J. J., J. F. Slocum, J. K. Smith, and J. Turtle, "MEMS electronically steerable antennas for fire control radars," Proc. IEEE Radar Conf., 677-682, 2007. Google Scholar

4. Padilla, P., A. M. Acevedo, M. S. Castaner, and M. S. Perez, "Electronically reconfigurable transmitarray at Ku band for microwave applications," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 8, 2571-2579, Aug. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2050426 Google Scholar

5. Honma, T., T. Seki, K. Nishikawa, and K. Tsunekawa, "Series-fed beam-scanning array antenna comprising multi-stage configured microstrip antenna with tunable reactance devices and open stubs," IEEE International Symposium of Antennas and Propagation Society, Vol. 4, 2004. Google Scholar

6. Lim, S., C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, "Electronically scanned composite right/left handed microstrip leaky-wave antenna," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 14, No. 6, 277-279, Jun. 2004.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2004.828008 Google Scholar

7. Jiang, T., Z. Wang, D. Li, J. Pan, P. Zhang, J. Huangfu, Y. Salamin, and C. Li, "Low-DC voltage-controlled steering-antenna, radome utilizing tunable active metamaterial," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theoery and Techniques, Vol. 60, No. 1, 170-178, Jan. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2011.2171981 Google Scholar

8. Mujumdar, M., C. Jin, and A. Alphones, "Double periodic composite right/left Handed transmission line based leaky wave antenna by singular perturbation method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 132, 113-128, 2012. Google Scholar

9. Anghel, A. and R. Cacoveanu, "Improved composite right/left-handed cell for leaky-wave antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 22, 59-69, 2011. Google Scholar

10. Lim, S., C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, "Metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission-line structure as a novel leaky-wave antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 53, No. 1, 161-173, Jan. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.839927 Google Scholar

11. Matsuzawa, S., K. Sato, A. Sanada, H. Kubo, and S. Aso, "Left-handed leaky wave antenna for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 183-186, 2005.
doi:10.1109/IWAT.2005.1461043 Google Scholar

12. Matsuzawa, S., K. Sato, Y. Inoue, and T. Nomura, "Beam steering left-handed leaky wave antenna for millimeter wave applications," IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, Vol. 1A, 709-712, 2005. Google Scholar

13. Caloz, C., T. Itoh, and A. Rennings, "CRLH metamaterials leaky-wave antennas," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 5, 25-39, Oct. 2008.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2008.4674709 Google Scholar

14. Lai, A., C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, "Composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials," IEEE Microwave Magazine, 34-50, Sep. 2004.
doi:10.1109/MMW.2004.1337766 Google Scholar

15. Advanced Semiconductor, Inc. "Abrupt tuning varactors,", 2004, http://www.advancedsemiconductor.com/pdf/diodes/Abrupt-TuningVaractors.pdf. Google Scholar

16. Gevorgian, S. S., T. Martinsson, P. L. Linner, and E. L. Kollberg, "CAD models for multilayered substrate interdigital capacitors," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 44, No. 6, 896-904, Jun. 1996.
doi:10.1109/22.506449 Google Scholar

Dr. Athanasia Symeonidou

Dr. Katherine Siakavara