volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) is modeled by Split-Field FDTD (SF-FDTD) in order to simulate Radar Cross Section (RCS) of a plasma slab. PML is used as an absorbing boundary, and discrete plane wave (DPW) is employed to generate plane wave. DPW method has a power isolation of -300 dB between scattered-field and total-field regions. The dispersive media is modelled by shift-operator FDTD. In this article, the SO-FDTD and DPW are combined, and it is proved that this combination shows a good stability. Finally, two different plasma profiles (exponential and polynomial) are used to prove reflection coefficient of a conductive layer can be reduced by choosing true profile of covering layer. By using Near-to-Far-Field Transformation, all fields are transferred to far-field region to calculate RCS.

1. Engquist, B. and A.Majda, "Absorbing boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of waves," Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 31, No. 139, 629-651, Jul. 1977.
doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-1977-0436612-4 Google Scholar

2. Mur, G., "Absorbing boundary conditions for the finite-difference approximation of the time-domain electromagnetic field equations," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 23, No. 4, 377-382, Nov. 1981. Google Scholar

3. Berenger, J. P., "A perfectly matched layer for absorption of electromagnetic waves," Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 114, 185-200, 1994.
doi:10.1006/jcph.1994.1159 Google Scholar

4. Berenger, J. P., "Perfectly matched layer for the FDTD solution of wave-structure interaction problems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 44, No. 1, 110-117, Jan. 1996.
doi:10.1109/8.477535 Google Scholar

5. Berenger, J. P., "Three-dimentinal perfectly matched layer for absorption of electromagnetic waves," Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 127, 363-379, 1996.
doi:10.1006/jcph.1996.0181 Google Scholar

6. Lu, M., M. Lv, A. A. Ergin, B. Shanker, and E. Michielssen, "Multilevel plane wave time domain-based global boundary kernels for two-dimensional finite difference time domain simulations," Radio Science, Vol. 39, No. 4, Aug. 2004.
doi:10.1029/2003RS002928 Google Scholar

7. Kivi, J. and M. Okoniewski, "Switched boundary condition (XBC) in FDTD," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 15, No. 4, 274-276, Apr. 2004.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2005.845745 Google Scholar

8. Sadiku, M. N. O., "Finite difference method," Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics, 1st Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1992. Google Scholar

9. Taflove, A., "Computational Electrodynamics --- The Finite-difference Time-domain Method," Artech House, 2005. Google Scholar

10. Oguz, U. and L. Gurel, "An efficient and accurate technique for the incident-wave excitations in the FDTD method," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 46, No. 6, 869-882, Jun. 1998.
doi:10.1109/22.681215 Google Scholar

11. Guiffaut, C. and K. Mahdjoubi, "A perfect wideband plane wave injector for FDTD method," Proc. IEEE APS. Int. Symp., Vol. 1, 236-239, Salt Lake City, UT, 2000. Google Scholar

12. Moss, C. D., F. L. Teixeira, J. A. Kong, and , "Analysis and compensation of numerical dispersion in the FDTD method for layered, anisotropic media," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, No. 9, 1174-1184, Sep. 2002.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2002.802092 Google Scholar

13. Schneider, J. B., "Planewaves in FDTD simulations and a nearly perfect total-field/scattered-field boundary," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 12, 3280-3287, Dec. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.836403 Google Scholar

14. Tan, T. and M. Potter, "Optimized analytic field propagator (O-AFP) for plane wave injection in FDTD simulations," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 3, 824-831, Mar. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2039310 Google Scholar

15. Tan, T. and M. E. Potter, "1-D multipoint auxiliary source propagator for the total-field/scattered-field FDTD formulation," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 6, 144-148, 2007. Google Scholar

16. Tan, T. and M. Potter, "FDTD discrete planewave (FDTD-DPW) formulation for a perfectly matched source in TFSF simulation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 58, No. 8, 2641-2648, Aug. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2050446 Google Scholar

17. Yang, H. W., R. S. Chen, and Y. Zhang, "SO-FDTD method and its application to the calculation of electromagnetic wave reflection coefficients of plasma," Acta. Phys. Sin., Vol. 55, No. 7, 3465-3469, Jul. 2006. Google Scholar

18. Ge, D. B., Y. L. Wu, and X. Q. Zhu, "Shift operator method applied for dispersive medium in FDTD analysis," J. Radio Sci., Vol. 18, No. 4, 359-362, Aug. 2003. Google Scholar

19. Yang, H. W., "A FDTD analysis on magnetized plasma of Epstein distribution and reflection calculation," Comput. Phys. Commun., Vol. 180, 55-60, 2009.
doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2008.08.007 Google Scholar

20. Luebbers, R. J., K. S. Kunz, M. Schneider, and F. Hunsberger, "A finite-difference time-domain near zone to far zone transformation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 39, No. 4, 429-433, Apr. 1991.
doi:10.1109/8.81453 Google Scholar

21. Balanis, C. A., Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, 1st Ed., Wiley, 1989.

22. Liu, G. and S. D. Gedney, "Perfectly matched layer media for an unconditionally stable threed-imensional ADI-FDTD method," IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. 10, No. 7, 261-263, Jul. 2000. Google Scholar

23. Li, X., A. Taflove, and V. Backman, "Modified FDTD near-to-far-field transformation for improved backscattering calculation of strongly forward-scattering objects," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 4, 35-38, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2005.845038 Google Scholar

24. Stratton, J. A., Electromagnetic Theory, 1st Ed., McGraw Hill Book Company, 1941.

25. Ruck, G. T., Radar Cross Section Handbook, Plenum Press, 1970.
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5324-7

Dr. Farid Mirhosseini

Dr. Bruce G. Colpitts