2018-03-28
Torque Constant Density in Different Type of Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 66, 127-142, 2018
Abstract
This paper discusses the torque constant density in different types of Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (DSPM) which are designed for portable applications. It should have high torque constant density so that it will have higher torque as well as lightweight. Previously, there have been many DSPM motor designs that only focus on increasing the torque constant and torque density. However, it is unclear which DSPM motor is the best since the torque constant and torque density are different parameters. Torque constant density will include the torque, volume and current of the motor. The objective of this research is to analyze different types of DSPM motors including the proposed Slotted Rotor DSPM motor (DSPM-SR) which produces higher torque constant density. Besides that, this paper also describes in detail the torque constant density from an electromagnetic point of view. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and analytical calculation are used to simulate the characteristic of various double stators. The result shows that DSPM-SR has 90.5% higher back electromotive force (emf) and 87.5% higher torque than DSPM-ST. Besides that, the DSPM-SR topology has higher torque constant density about 67.27% than other DSPM motors. As a conclusion, this paper provides the overview and comparison of torque constant densities of various DSPM motors.
Citation
Raja Nor Firdaus, Nor Aishah Md Zuki, Rizuan Che Ahmad Suhairi, Fairul Azhar bin Abdul Shukor, Siti Zulaika Mat Isa, Erwan Bin Sulaiman, and Zulkufli Zakaria, "Torque Constant Density in Different Type of Double Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 66, 127-142, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERM17112301
References

1. Chai, F., J. Xia, B. Guo, S. Cheng, and J. Zhang, "Double stator permanent magnet synchronous in wheel motor for hybrid electrical drive system," IEEE Transactions on Magnetic, Vol. 45, No. 1, 278-281, January 2009.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2008.2008847        Google Scholar

2. Ho, Z. S., C. M. Uang, P. C. Wang, and S. H. Liu, "Implementation of food processor application using brushless DC motor control," 2011 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 272-277, December 5-8, 2011.        Google Scholar

3. Firdaus, R. N., M. Norhisam, N. Mariun, I. Aris, and D. Ahmad, "Torque characteristics of small size single and double stator brushless permanent magnet motor," IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development, 52-57, 2011.        Google Scholar

4. Dwivedi, A. and R. K. Srivastava, "Analysis of dual stator PM brushless DC motor," IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, 51-56, May-June 2012.
doi:10.9790/1676-0125156        Google Scholar

5. Niu, S., K. T. Chau, and J. Z. Jiang, "A permanent-magnet double-stator integrated-starter-generator for hybrid electric vehicles," IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 1-6, September 3–5, 2008.        Google Scholar

6. Ahmad, S. R. C., R. N. Firdaus Kashfi Raja Othaman, M. N. Othman, N. A. M. Zuki, F. A. A. Shukor, S. Z. M. Isa, Z. Ibrahim, and C. A. Vaithilinga, "Modeling and analysis of double stator slotted rotor permanent magnet generator," Energies, Vol. 10, 1-15, 2017.        Google Scholar

7. Firdaus, R. N., N. Misron, C. A. Vaithilingam, M. Nirei, and H. Wakiwaka, "Improvement of energy density in single stator interior permanent magnet using double stator topology," Research Article, 1-15, 2014.        Google Scholar

8. Hwang, K. Y., S. B. Rhee, B. Y. Yang, and B. I. Kwon, "Rotor pole design in spoke type brushless DC motor by response surface method," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 43, 1833-1836, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2007.892616        Google Scholar

9. Lin, D., P. Zhou, and Z. J. Cendes, "Analytical prediction of cogging torque in spoke type permanent magnet motor," Electrical Machines 2008, ICEM 2008, 1-5, 2008.        Google Scholar

10. Kim, S., J. Cho, S. Park, T. Park, and S. Lim, "Characteristics comparison of a conventional and modified spoke-type ferrite magnet motor for traction drives of low-speed electrical vehicle," IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Vol. 49, 2516-2523, 2013.        Google Scholar

11. Chen, J. Q., G. Liu, W. Zhou, and M. Shou, "Nonlinear adaptive lumped parameter magnetic circuit analysis for spoke-type fault-tolerant permanent magnet motors," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 49, 5150-5157, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2013.2253327        Google Scholar

12. Kim, D. Y., J. K. Nam, and G. H. Jang, "Reduction of magnetically induced vibration of a spoke-type IPM motor using magneto mechanical coupled analysis and optimization," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 49, 5097-5105, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2013.2255307        Google Scholar

13., Sinotech (2014) Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) Retrieved from http://www.sinotech.com/.        Google Scholar

14. Galea, M., T. Hamiti, and C. Gerada, "Torque density improvement for high performance machines," 2013 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference (IEMDC), 1066-1073, 2013.
doi:10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556228        Google Scholar

15. Firdaus, R. N., R. Suhairi, S. Farina, K. A. Karim, and Z. Ibrahim, "Improvement of power density spoke type permanent magnet generator," IEEE PEDS 2015, 197-201, 2015.        Google Scholar

16. Chai, F., J. Xia, H. Gong, B. Guo, and S. Cheng, "Torque analysis of double stator permanent magnet synchronous for hybrid electric vehicle," 2008 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 1-5, 2008.        Google Scholar

17. Mihail-Florin, S., C. Cosmin, F. Nicolae, and H. Adela-Gabriela, "A variant of a synchronous motor with two stators and high-energy permanent magnets disposed on the both rotor peripheries," ECAI 2015 International Conference on Electronics, 9-14, 2015.        Google Scholar

18. Niu, S., K. T. Chau, D. Zhang, J. Z. Jiang, and Z. Wang, "Design and control of a double-stator permanent magnet motor drive for electric vehicles," IEEE Industry Application Conference, Vol. 25, No. 18, 1293-1300, 2007.        Google Scholar

19. Niu, S. and L. Jian, "Scalar control of double-stator permanent magnet brushless motor drives," 2009 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS), 354-359, 2009.
doi:10.1109/PEDS.2009.5385708        Google Scholar

20. Wang, Y., M. Cheng, Y. Du, and S. Ding, "Vector control of double-stator permanent magnet brushless motor with surface mounted topology," 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 855-858, 2010.        Google Scholar

21. Seo, J.-M., J.-H. Kim, S.-H. Rhyu, J.-H. Choi, and I.-S. Jung, "A study on brushless DC motor for high torque density," International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 5, 2084-2088, 2011.        Google Scholar

22. Park, J.-W., S.-H. Hwang, and J.-M. Kim, "Sensorless control of brushless DC motors with torque constant estimation for home appliances," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 40, 677-684, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TIA.2011.2181774        Google Scholar

23. Vaithilingam, C. A., N. Misron, I. Aris, M. H. Marhaban, and M. Nirei, "Electromagnetic design and FEM analysis of a novel dual-air reluctance machine," Progress In Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 140, 523-544, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER13022008        Google Scholar

24. Chai, F., S. Cui, and C. Kang, "Performance analysis of double-stator starter generator for the hybrid electric vehicle," 2004 12th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology, 499-502, 2015.        Google Scholar

25. Kim, S.-I., J. Cho, S. Park, T. Park, and S. Lim, "Characteristics comparison of a conventional and modified spoke-type ferrite magnet motor for traction drives of low-speed electric vehicles," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 49, 2516-2523, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TIA.2013.2264651        Google Scholar

26. Kim, K.-C. and J. Lee, "The dynamic analysis of a spoke-type permanent magnet generator with large overhang," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 41, 3805-3807, 2005.        Google Scholar

27. Norhisam, M., M. Norafiza, and C. Y. Sia, "Double stator type permanent magnet generator," Proceeding of 2009 Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD 2009), 316-319, UPM Serdang Malaysia, November 16–18, 2009.        Google Scholar

28. Wang, Y., M. Cheng, Y. Fan, and K. T. Chau, "A double-stator permanent magnet brushless machine system for electric variable transmission in hybrid electric vehicles," 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 1-5, 2010.        Google Scholar

29. Chai, F., J. Xia, B. Guo, and S. Cheng, "Double-stator permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel motor for hybrid electric drive system," 2008 14th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology, 1-5, 2008.        Google Scholar

30. Firdaus, R. N., M. Norhisam, I. Aris, M. Nirei, and H. Wakiwaka, "Analysis on harmonics components of torque characteristics of single phase single stator small size brushless DC permanent magnet motor," International Review of Electrical Engineering, 5413-5424, 2012.        Google Scholar

31. Hirata, K., Y. Kagami, M. Yanosaka, Y. Ishihari, and T. Todaka, "Thrust calculation of linear pulse motors using a combined technique employing the finite element and the permeance analysis method," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 28, No. 2, 1394-1397, 1992.
doi:10.1109/20.123953        Google Scholar

32. Delforge, C. and B. Lemaire-Semail, "Induction machine modeling using finite element and permeance network methods," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 31, No. 3, 2092-2095, 1995.
doi:10.1109/20.376457        Google Scholar

33. Wang, X., Q. Li, S. Wang, and Q. Li, "Analytical calculation of air-gap magnetic field distribution and instantaneous characteristics of brushless DC motors," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 18, No. 3, 424-432, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TEC.2003.815852        Google Scholar