volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper highlights the effect of millimeter wave (MMW) radiation on biological tissue for prolonged exposure to record thermal effects. The novel method described in this article isthe exposure of millimeter wave on the tissues and study the heat effects resulting from radiation. To simulate this, a setup to uniformly irradiate a tissue of about 2.2 mm thickness is described, and 3D visualization of MMW propagation is modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics radio frequency module at frequencies around 30 GHz. Heat generation and consequent temperature rise in the three layer tissue structure is followed by analysis of temperature variation due to radiation absorption.

1. Wu, T., T. S. Rappaport, and C. M. Collins, "The human body and millimeter-wave wireless communication systems: Interactions and implications," 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2423-2429, 2015.
doi:10.1109/ICC.2015.7248688 Google Scholar

2. Pely, A., K. R. Nightingale, and M. L. Palmeri, "Dispersion analysis in skin using FEM: Characterizing the effects of the lower boundary material on the propagation of shear waves," IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, Tours, France, 2016. Google Scholar

3. Zilberti, L., D. Voyer, O. Bottauscio, M. Chiampi, and R. Scorretti, "Effect of tissue parameters on skin heating due to millimeter EM waves," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 51, No. 3, Mar. 2015.
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2014.2363898 Google Scholar

4. Nelson, A., M. T. Nelson, T. J. Walters, and P. A. Mason, "Heating effects of millimeter-wave irradiation-thermal modeling results," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 48, No. 11, 2111-2120, Nov. 2000. Google Scholar

5. Colombi, D., B. Thors, and C. Trnevik, "Implications of EMF exposure limits on output power levels for 5G devices above 6 GHz," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 1247-1249, 2015.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2015.2400331 Google Scholar

6. Gandhi, O. P. and A. Riazi, "Absorption of millimeter waves by human being its biological implications," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 34, No. 2, 228-235, Feb. 1986.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1986.1133316 Google Scholar

7. Stewart, D. A., T. R. Gowrishankar, and J. C. Weaver, "Skin heating and injury by prolonged mm wave exposure: Theory based on a skin model coupled to a whole body model and local biochemical release from cells," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 34, No. 4, 1480-1493, Aug. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TPS.2006.878996 Google Scholar

8. Pozar, D. M., Microwave Engineering, 4th Edition, Wiley and Sons Publication, 2012.

9. Vollmer, M., Physics of Microwave Oven, Physics Education, IOP Publishing Ltd, 2004.

10. Adhikari, P., Understanding Millimeter Wave Wireless Communication, White paper, Loea Corporation, 2008.

11. Mohsen, A., "On the impedance boundary condition," Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol. 6, 405-407, Oct. 1982. Google Scholar

12. Li, W.-D. and W.-S. Dai, "Scattering theory without large-distance asymptotics: Scattering boundary condition," Mathematical Physics, Feb. 2015. Google Scholar

13. Pitchai, K., "Elecromagneticsand heat transfer modelling of microwave heating in domestic ovens,", Thesis, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, May 2011. Google Scholar

14. Alekseev, S. I., A. A. Radzievsky, M. K. Logani, and M. C. Ziskin, "Millimeter wave dosimetry of human skin," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 29, No. 1, 65-70, 2008.
doi:10.1002/bem.20363 Google Scholar

15. Zhadobov, M., N. Chahat, R. Sauleau, C. L. Quement, and Y. L. Drean, "Millimeter wave interaction with the human body: State of knowledge and recent advances," Int. Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technology, 2011. Google Scholar

Dr. Sujata Mendgudle

Dr. Manmohan Singh Bhatia