volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A dual-band subharmonic mixer that employs both the second and fourth harmonics of a local oscillator signal in the mixing process is demonstrated for WIFI application. The design results in a simple and cost-effective mixer as it requires only one local oscillator (LO). A quarter-wave stepped impedance stub has been used to suppress both bands of radio frequency (RF) signal. The proposed dual-band subharmonic mixer is designed for two RF bands with the center frequencies at 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz using a single LO frequency at 1.3 GHz. For mixing purpose, the second and fourth harmonics of LO are utilized. Experimental measurements show high port-to-port isolation and achieve minimum conversion losses of 6.87 dB and 10.0 dB at 2.59 GHz and 5 GHz, respectively. The 3-dB RF bandwidth is 2.3 to 2.95 GHz for the second harmonic and 4.8 to 5.5 GHz for the fourth harmonic of LO signal. The input P1-dB compression points for two modes of the mixer are -9 dBm and -5 dBm, respectively. The RF-to-IF isolations are more than 18 dB (maximum 36 dB) and 20 dB (maximum 33 dB), over both the RF bands.

1. Zheng, X., Y. Liu, C. Yu, S. Li, and J. Li, "Design of a dual-band Doherty power amplifier utilizing simplified phase offset-lines," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 48, 21-28, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIERC14012305 Google Scholar

2. Wolf, R., N. Joram, S. Schumann, and F. Ellinger, "Dual-band impedance transformation networks for integrated power amplifiers," Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Technol., Vol. 8, No. 1, 1-7, 2016.
doi:10.1017/S1759078714001391 Google Scholar

3. Zaidi, A. M., S. A. Imam, B. Kanaujia, and K. Rambabu, "A new equal power quadrature branch line coupler for dual-band applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 74, 61-67, 2018.
doi:10.2528/PIERL18011018 Google Scholar

4. Lv, G., W. Chen, X. Chen, and Z. Feng, "An energy-efficient K a/Q dual-band power amplifier MMIC in 0.1-μm GaAs process," IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., Vol. 28, No. 6, 530-532, 2018.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2018.2832841 Google Scholar

5. Eldek, A., A. Elsherbeni, and C. Smith, "Dual-wideband square slot antenna with a U-shaped printed tuning stub for personal wireless communication systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 53, 319-333, 2005.
doi:10.2528/PIER04103001 Google Scholar

6. Jain, V., F. Tzeng, L. Zhou, and P. Heydari, "A single-chip dual-band 22–29-GHz/77–81-GHz BiCMOS transceiver for automotive radars," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 44, No. 12, 3469-3485, 2009.
doi:10.1109/JSSC.2009.2032583 Google Scholar

7. Cohn, M., J. E. Degenford, and B. A. Newman, "Harmonic mixing with an antiparallel diode pair," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 23, No. 8, 667-673, 1975.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.1975.1128646 Google Scholar

8. Yum, T. Y., Q. Xue, and C. H. Chan, "Novel subharmonically pumped mixer incorporating dua-lband stub and in-line SCMRC," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 51, No. 12, 2538-2547, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.820152 Google Scholar

9. Kumari, S., R. Pal, and P. Mondal, "A wideband subharmonic mixer with low conversion loss and high port-to-port isolations," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs, Vol. 67, No. 10, 1695-1699, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TCSII.2019.2943749 Google Scholar

10. Hwang, Y. S., S. S. Yoo, and H. J. Yoo, "A 2GHz and 5 GHz dual-band direct conversion RF front-end for multi-standard applications," Proc. — IEEE Int. SOC Conf., 189-192, 2005.
doi:10.1109/SOCC.2005.1554492 Google Scholar

11. Liang, C. P., P. Z. Rao, T. J. Huang, and S. J. Chung, "A 2.45/5.2GHz image rejection mixer with new dual-band active notch filter," IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., Vol. 19, No. 11, 716-718, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2009.2032013 Google Scholar

12. Ning, Z., Y. Liu, Y. Wu, and J. Yu, "A novel dual-band mixer using arbitrary impedances-matching coupler for long-term evolution applications," Electromagnetics, Vol. 35, No. 3, 205-215, 2015.
doi:10.1080/02726343.2015.1005277 Google Scholar

13. De Paco, P., R. Villarino, G. Junkin, O. Menendez, E. Corrales, and J. Parron, "Dual-band mixer using composite right/left-handed transmission lines," IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., Vol. 17, No. 8, 607-609, 2007.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2007.901788 Google Scholar

14. Lin, I. H., K. M. K. H. Leong, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, "Dual-band sub-harmonic quadrature mixer using composite right/left-handed transmission lines," IEE Proc. Microwaves, Antennas Propag., Vol. 153, No. 4, 365-375, 2006.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20050138 Google Scholar

15. Jackson, B. R. and C. E. Saavedra, "A dual-band self-oscillating mixer for C-band and X-band applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 58, No. 2, 318-323, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2009.2037865 Google Scholar

16. Zhu, F. and G. Q. Luo, "A millimeter-wave fundamental and subharmonic hybrid CMOS mixer for dual-band applications," Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Technol., 1-6, 2020.
doi:10.1017/S1759078720001270 Google Scholar

17. Pushpa, K., P. Mondal, and A. Singh, "A dual-band subharmonic mixer with high RF-IF isolation," 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium — Fall (PIERS — FALL), 1183-1189, Singapore, Nov. 19–22, 2017. Google Scholar

18. Advanced Design System, Keysight Technologies, , , Santa Rosa, CA, USA, 2015.

19. Sagawa, M., M. Makimoto, and S. Yamashita, "Geometrical structures and fundamental characteristics of microwave stepped-impedance resonators," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 45, No. 7, 1078-1085, 1997.
doi:10.1109/22.598444 Google Scholar

20. Perhirin, S. and Y. Auffret, "A dual-band subharmonic drain mixer based on single local oscillator," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 55, No. 11, 2562-2568, 2013.
doi:10.1002/mop.27916 Google Scholar

21. Xue, Q., K. M. Shum, and C. H. Chan, "Low conversion-loss fourth subharmonic mixers incorporating CMRC for millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Vol. 51, No. 5, 1449-1454, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.810153 Google Scholar

Dr. Kumari Pushpa

Dr. Jayanta Ghosh