volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A wideband quasi-isotropic planar biconical antenna with plano-concave lens is designed for IoT applications. The antenna is realized using a broadband planar biconical dipole and a pair of plano-concave lenses. The cones of biconical dipole are placed at 70˚ angular separation for least gain deviation (GD) across the radiating sphere. A pair of plano-concave lenses suppress GD in elevation plane and improve the impedance matching bandwidth (IBW). Different design parameters are analyzed for wide IBW and 7 dB gain deviation bandwidth (GBW). The designed antenna dimensions are 0.25λ_o × 0.3λ_o × 0.004λ_o at 2.35 GHz. The proposed antenna provides 71.6% (1.51-3.2 GHz) IBW and 73.6% (1.5-3.25 GHz) 7 dB GBW. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The proposed antenna is suitable for IoT based smart applications, energy harvesting and 5G cellular communication.

1. Mathis, H. F., "A short proof that an isotropic antenna is impossible," Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Vol. 39, No. 8, 970-970, 1951. Google Scholar

2. Shah, Syed Imran Hussain, Sonapreetha Mohan Radha, Pangun Park, and Ick-Jae Yoon, "Recent advancements in quasi-isotropic antennas: A review," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 146296-146317, 2021. Google Scholar

3. Ouyang, J., Y. M. Pan, S. Y. Zheng, and P. F. Hu, "An electrically small planar quasi-isotropic antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 17, No. 2, 303-306, Feb. 2018. Google Scholar

4. Liu, Qi, Yufeng Yu, Da-Wei Wang, and Gaofeng Wang, "An RFID-based wireless multistate controller with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern for remote control applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 20, No. 10, 2023-2027, Oct. 2021. Google Scholar

5. Singh, Jaskaran, Arezoo Modiri, and Kamran Kiasaleh, "Novel UWB hybrid dipole antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern," 2013 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, 124-126, Austin, TX, USA, 2013.

6. Radha, Sonapreetha Mohan, Geonyeong Shin, Pangun Park, and Ick-Jae Yoon, "Realization of electrically small, low-profile quasi-isotropic antenna using 3D printing technology," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 27067-27073, 2020. Google Scholar

7. Kim, Joon-Hong and Sangwook Nam, "A compact quasi-isotropic antenna based on folded split-ring resonators," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 294-297, 2016. Google Scholar

8. Liao, Hanguang, Qingle Zhang, Muhammad Akram Karimi, Yen-Hung Kuo, Nidhi Mishra, and Atif Shamim, "An additively manufactured 3-D antenna-in-package with quasi-isotropic radiation for marine animals monitoring system," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 18, No. 11, 2384-2388, Nov. 2019. Google Scholar

9. Wang, Yang, Ming-Chun Tang, Ting Shi, Da Yi, Dajiang Li, and Xiaoping Zeng, "An electrically small antenna with quasi-isotropic coverage for linearly polarized receiver," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 12, 11559-11568, Dec. 2022. Google Scholar

10. Hu, Peng Fei, Yong Mei Pan, Xiu Yin Zhang, and Bin Jie Hu, "A compact quasi-isotropic dielectric resonator antenna with filtering response," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 2, 1294-1299, Feb. 2019. Google Scholar

11. Pan, Yongmei and Shaoyong Zheng, "A compact quasi-isotropic shorted patch antenna," IEEE Access, Vol. 5, 2771-2778, 2017. Google Scholar

12. Wang, Yanyang and Sen Yan, "A compact in-band full duplexing antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern for IoT-based smart home and intravehicle wireless communication applications," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 9, No. 17, 16689-16700, Sep. 2022. Google Scholar

13. Kim, Jonghyun, Junho Park, Ahmed Abdelmottaleb Omar, and Wonbin Hong, "A symmetrically stacked planar antenna concept exhibiting quasi-isotropic radiation coverage," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 8, 1390-1394, Aug. 2020. Google Scholar

14. Li, Qing, Wen-Jun Lu, Sheng-Guang Wang, and Lei Zhu, "Planar quasi-isotropic magnetic dipole antenna using fractional-order circular sector cavity resonant mode," IEEE Access, Vol. 5, 8515-8525, 2017. Google Scholar

15. Arrawatia, Mahima, Maryam Shojaei Baghini, and Girish Kumar, "Broadband modified elliptical ring quasi-isotropic antenna," 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 1055-1056, Boston, MA, USA, 2018.

16. Wang, Yanyang, Sen Yan, and Binke Huang, "Conformal folded inverted-F antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern for robust communication in capsule endoscopy applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 8, 6537-6550, Aug. 2022. Google Scholar

17. Su, Zhen, Kirill Klionovski, Hanguang Liao, Weiwei Li, and Atif Shamim, "A fully-printed 3D antenna with 92% quasi-isotropic and 85% CP coverage," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 9, 7914-7922, Sep. 2022. Google Scholar

18. Su, Zhen, Kirill Klionovski, Hanguang Liao, Yiming Chen, Atef Z. Elsherbeni, and Atif Shamim, "Antenna-on-package design: Achieving near-isotropic radiation pattern and wide CP coverage simultaneously," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 7, 3740-3749, Jul. 2021. Google Scholar

19. Kruesi, Catherine M., Rushi J. Vyas, and Manos M. Tentzeris, "Design and development of a novel 3-D cubic antenna for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and RFID applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 10, 3293-3299, Oct. 2009. Google Scholar

20. Liu, Peiqin and Yue Li, "Quasi-isotropic radiation pattern synthesis using triple current line sources," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 12, 8150-8155, Dec. 2020. Google Scholar

21. Wang, Ren, Jing-Jing Ma, Chuan-Sheng Chen, Bing-Zhong Wang, and Jiang Xiong, "Low-profile implementation of U-shaped power quasi-isotropic antennas for intra-vehicle wireless communications," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 48557-48565, 2020. Google Scholar

22. Luo, Jia Wen, Yong Mei Pan, Shao Yong Zheng, and Shui Hong Wang, "A planar angled-dipole antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 7, 5646-5651, Jul. 2020. Google Scholar

23. Pan, Guoping, Yue Li, Zhijun Zhang, and Zhenghe Feng, "Isotropic radiation from a compact planar antenna using two crossed dipoles," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 11, 1338-1341, 2012. Google Scholar

24. Radha, Sonapreetha Mohan, Geonyeong Shin, Wonkyo Kim, Syed Imran Hussain Shah, and Ick-Jae Yoon, "Design and verification of an electrically small, extremely thin dual-band quasi-isotropic antenna," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 19, No. 12, 2482-2486, Dec. 2020. Google Scholar

25. Niamien, Constant M. A., "Single-feed planar multiband quasi-isotropic antennas through collocating and co-design approaches," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 4, 2974-2988, Apr. 2023. Google Scholar

26. Tang, Hong, Cory J. Bulger, Tom Rovere, Bowen Zheng, Sensong An, Hang Li, Yunxi Dong, Mohammad Haerinia, Clayton Fowler, Stephen Gonya, Wei Guo, and Hualiang Zhang, "A low-profile flexible dual-band antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation patterns for MIMO system on UAVs," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 1, 49-53, Jan. 2023. Google Scholar

27. Su, Zhen, Kirill Klionovski, Rana Muhammad Bilal, and Atif Shamim, "A dual band additively manufactured 3-D antenna on package with near-isotropic radiation pattern," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 66, No. 7, 3295-3305, Jul. 2018. Google Scholar

28. Deng, Changjiang, Yue Li, Zhijun Zhang, and Zhenghe Feng, "A wideband isotropic radiated planar antenna using sequential rotated L-shaped monopoles," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 3, 1461-1464, Mar. 2014. Google Scholar

29. Zhang, Yongjian and Yue Li, "Wideband isotropic antenna with miniaturized ground for enhanced 3 dB coverage ratio," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 21, No. 6, 1253-1257, Jun. 2022. Google Scholar

30. Radha, Sonapreetha Mohan, Mee-Su Lee, and Ick-Jae Yoon, "A compact broadband quasi-isotropic antenna for wireless energy harvesting applications," 2022 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 137-138, Sydney, Australia, 2022.

31. Wang, Ruiqi, Kirill Klionovski, and Atif Shamim, "Fully printed 3-D antennas with wideband radiation isotropy based on annular currents models," IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 4, 484-491, 2023. Google Scholar

32. Chopra, Rinkee, Ayushi Agarwal, and Rahul Lakhmani, "A broadband planar bow-tie antenna with quasi-isotropic coverage," 2021 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation (InCAP), 420-422, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, 2021.

33. Brown, G. H., "Experimentally determined radiation characteristics of conical and triangular antennas," RCA Review, Vol. 13, No. 4, 425-452, Dec. 1952. Google Scholar

34. Valagiannopoulos, C. A., M. S. Mirmoosa, I. S. Nefedov, S. A. Tretyakov, and C. R. Simovski, "Hyperbolic-metamaterial antennas for broadband enhancement of dipole emission to free space," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 116, 163106, 2014. Google Scholar

Dr. Rinkee Chopra