volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a 4-port multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with dual-notched bands and high interference rejection features is presented for ultra-wideband and beyond. The total volume of the intended antenna, computed at 2.63 GHz, is 0.52λ × 0.52λ × 0.014λ. The basic radiating element consists of a spatula-shaped patch etched with a U and an inverted U-shaped slots printed on the top of a dielectric substrate, which is backed by defected partial ground plane. With the goal of achieving good polarization diversity and high isolation, four identical basic elements are arranged in orthogonal way to form the MIMO configuration. The inter-element isolation has been improved by a swastik-shaped decoupling structure with its arms extended in the form of meander-lines. As a result, the isolation between diagonal and orthogonal elements is better than 20 dB and 25 dB, respectively with envelope correlation coefficient < 0.012 and diversity gain > 9.94 dB. The suggested antenna attains an impedance bandwidth of 2.63-18.44 GHz with ability to shield interferences from 3.38-3.90 GHz and 4.65-6.45 GHz, specifically targeting frequencies associated with WLAN/ISM and Wi-MAX/LTE bands, respectively. Moreover, it exhibits maximum radiation efficiency and gain of 97.88% and 5.94 dBi, respectively in the working band.

1. Sharma, Manish, Vigneswaran Dhasarathan, Shobhit K. Patel, and Truong Khang Nguyen, "An ultra-compact four-port 4 × 4 superwideband MIMO antenna including mitigation of dual notched bands characteristics designed for wireless network applications," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 123, 153332, 2020.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153332 Google Scholar

2. Yang, Wendong, Xun Zhao, Zihao Guo, Haoqiang Sun, and Emil J. W. List-Kratochvil, "A compact tri-notched flexible UWB antenna based on an inkjet-printable and plasma-activated silver nano ink," Scientific Reports, Vol. 14, No. 1, 11407, 2024.
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62253-2 Google Scholar

3. Jaglan, Naveen, Samir Dev Gupta, Ekta Thakur, Dinesh Kumar, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, and Shweta Srivastava, "Triple band notched mushroom and uniplanar EBG structures based UWB MIMO/diversity antenna with enhanced wide band isolation," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 90, 36-44, 2018.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2018.04.009 Google Scholar

4. Sediq, Hiwa Taha, "Miniaturized MIMO antenna design based on octagonal-shaped SRR metamaterial for UWB applications," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 172, 154946, 2023.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154946 Google Scholar

5. Khan, Muhammad S., Adnan Iftikhar, Raed M. Shubair, Antonio D. Capobianco, Benjamin D. Braaten, and Dimitris E. Anagnostou, "A four element, planar, compact UWB MIMO antenna with WLAN band rejection capabilities," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 10, 3124-3131, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mop.32427 Google Scholar

6. Wang, Boning, Deqiang Yang, and Kai Sun, "Design and analysis of a compact omnidirectional UWB slot antenna," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 61, No. 8, 1917-1923, 2019.
doi:10.1002/mop.31769 Google Scholar

7. Kaiser, Thomas, Feng Zheng, and Emil Dimitrov, "An overview of ultra-wide-band systems with MIMO," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 97, No. 2, 285-312, 2009.
doi:10.1109/jproc.2008.2008784 Google Scholar

8. Desai, Arpan, Jayshri Kulkarni, M. M. Kamruzzaman, Štěpán Hubálovský, Heng-Tung Hsu, and Ahmed A. Ibrahim, "Interconnected CPW fed flexible 4-port MIMO antenna for UWB, X, and Ku band applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 57641-57654, 2022.
doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3179005 Google Scholar

9. Jaglan, Naveen, Samir Dev Gupta, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, and Mohammad S. Sharawi, "10 element sub-6-GHz multi-band double-T based MIMO antenna system for 5G smartphones," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 118662-118672, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3107625 Google Scholar

10. Jaglan, Naveen, Samir Dev Gupta, and Mohammad S. Sharawi, "18 element massive MIMO/diversity 5G smartphones antenna design for sub-6 GHz LTE bands 42/43 applications," IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2, 533-545, 2021.
doi:10.1109/ojap.2021.3074290 Google Scholar

11. Wang, Heming, Qi Zheng, Qiwei Li, and Xue-Xia Yang, "Isolation improvement and bandwidth enhancement of dual-band MIMO antenna based on metamaterial wall," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1144-1148, 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2025.3527688 Google Scholar

12. Kayabasi, Ahmet, Abdurrahim Toktas, Enes Yigit, and Kadir Sabanci, "Triangular quad-port multi-polarized UWB MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation using neutralization ring," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 85, 47-53, 2018.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2017.12.027 Google Scholar

13. Chen, Zhijian, Weisi Zhou, and Jingsong Hong, "A miniaturized MIMO antenna with triple band-notched characteristics for UWB applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 63646-63655, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3074511 Google Scholar

14. Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad, Bal S. Virdee, Chan H. See, Raed Abd-Alhameed, Ammar Hussein Ali, Francisco Falcone, and Ernesto Limiti, "Study on isolation improvement between closely-packed patch antenna arrays based on fractal metamaterial electromagnetic bandgap structures," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 12, No. 14, 2241-2247, 2018.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2018.5103 Google Scholar

15. Hassan, Muhammad Mateen, Maryam Rasool, Muhammad Umair Asghar, Zeeshan Zahid, Adnan Ahmed Khan, Imran Rashid, Abdul Rauf, and Farooq Ahmed Bhatti, "A novel UWB MIMO antenna array with band notch characteristics using parasitic decoupler," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 34, No. 9, 1225-1238, 2020.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2019.1682063 Google Scholar

16. Desai, Arpan, Heng-Tung Hsu, Basma M. Yousef, Allam M. Ameen, Yi-Fan Tsao, and Ahmed A. Ibrahim, "UWB connected ground transparent 4-port flexible MIMO antenna for IoT applications," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 11, No. 7, 12475-12484, 2024.
doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3333814 Google Scholar

17. Modak, Sumon, Taimoor Khan, Tayeb A. Denidni, and Yahia M. M. Antar, "Miniaturized self-isolated UWB MIMO planar/cuboidal antenna with dual X-band interference rejection," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 143, 154020, 2022.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2021.154020 Google Scholar

18. Addepalli, Tathababu, Jagadeesh Babu Kamili, Subbarao Boddu, Rajasekhar Manda, Anveshkumar Nella, and Bandi Kiran Kumar, "A 4-element crescent shaped two-sided MIMO antenna for UWB, X and Ku band wireless applications," Wireless Networks, Vol. 29, No. 8, 3333-3348, 2023.
doi:10.1007/s11276-023-03390-w Google Scholar

19. Yao, Yu, Yu Shao, Jiliang Zhang, and Jie Zhang, "A transparent antenna using metal mesh for UWB MIMO applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 5, 3836-3844, 2023.
doi:10.1109/tap.2023.3244003 Google Scholar

20. Durukan, Tülün and Yasemin Altuncu, "A compact 4 × 4 reconfigurable MIMO antenna design with adjustable suppression of certain frequency bands within the UWB frequency range," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 170, 154848, 2023.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2023.154848 Google Scholar

21. Balanis, Constantine A., Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.

22. Rajesh, G. and R. Poonkuzhali, "Design and analysis of CPW fed ultrathin flexible MIMO antenna for UWB and X-band applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 96704-96717, 2024.
doi:10.1109/access.2024.3426592 Google Scholar

23. Abbas, Anees, Niamat Hussain, Md. Abu Sufian, Jinkyu Jung, Sang Myeong Park, and Nam Kim, "Isolation and gain improvement of a rectangular notch UWB-MIMO antenna," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1460, 2022.
doi:10.3390/s22041460 Google Scholar

24. Balaji, V. R., Tathababu Addepalli, Arpan Desai, Anveshkumar Nella, and Truong Khang Nguyen, "An inverted L-strip loaded ground with hollow semi-hexagonal four-element polarization diversity UWB-MIMO antenna," Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Vol. 33, No. 1, e4381, 2022.
doi:10.1002/ett.4381 Google Scholar

25. Jhunjhunwala, Vikash Kumar, Pramod Kumar, Arun P. Parameswaran, Pallavi R. Mane, Om Prakash Kumar, Tanweer Ali, Sameena Pathan, Shweta Vincent, and Praveen Kumar, "A four port flexible UWB MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for wearable applications," Results in Engineering, Vol. 24, 103147, 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103147 Google Scholar

26. Li, Chang, Zhonggen Wang, Wenyan Nie, and Ming Yang, "A four port ultra-wideband MIMO antenna with windmill shaped decoupling structure and Olympic five ring patch," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 155, 255-264, 2025.
doi:10.2528/PIERC25032606 Google Scholar

27. Pandurangan, Durai and Naveen Mishra, "Circularly polarized four-element wideband MIMO antenna for C-band applications using sinusoidal decoupling structure for isolation and axial ratio enhancement," Results in Engineering, Vol. 26, 105301, 2025.
doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105301 Google Scholar

Ms. Chanprit Kaur

Dr. Raghvenda Kumar Singh

Dr. Kiran Kumar Verma