volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In order to meet antenna requirements for vehicular communication, a compact multiport MIMO antenna design is proposed for the n261 frequency band in 5G millimeter-wave communication. The 3D size of the antenna is 16 × 16 × 17 mm³. By optimizing the radiation patches and layout, a four-port MIMO antenna is developed, with adjacent antenna elements positioned on both sides of the dielectric substrate to minimize coupling between antenna units. Additionally, optimization is performed to achieve 360° radiation coverage for the multiport MIMO antenna. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed antenna covers the n261 frequency band with an operational bandwidth. The overall isolation between ports of the multiport MIMO antenna is also relatively high. The 12-port MIMO antenna operates in the frequency range of 27.08 to 28.70 GHz, with a gain of 6.25 dBi, and its radiation pattern demonstrates diversity, providing complete 360 ° coverage in both elevation and azimuth planes. Therefore, the proposed antenna not only has a compact size and simple structure but also supports radiation propagation across multiple planes, reducing multipath propagation losses and enhancing communication quality and reliability. It satisfies the requirements of vehicular communication for 5G millimeter wave MIMO antennas.

1. Shariff, B. G. Parveez, Tanweer Ali, Praveen Kumar, Sameena Pathan, G. D. Goutham Simha, Pallavi R. Mane, Mohammed Gulam Nabi Alsath, and Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos, "Dual-band compact six-element millimeter wave mimo antenna: Design, characterization, and its application for v2v communication," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 97951-97968, 2024.
doi:10.1109/access.2024.3427340 Google Scholar

2. Tariq, Saba, Syeda I. Naqvi, Niamat Hussain, and Yasar Amin, "A metasurface-based MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter-wave applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 9, 51805-51817, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069185 Google Scholar

3. Mallat, Nazih Khaddaj, Madeeha Ishtiaq, Ateeq Ur Rehman, and Amjad Iqbal, "Millimeter-wave in the face of 5G communication potential applications," IETE Journal of Research, Vol. 68, No. 4, 2522-2530, 2022.
doi:10.1080/03772063.2020.1714489 Google Scholar

4. Rappaport, Theodore S., Shu Sun, Rimma Mayzus, Hang Zhao, Yaniv Azar, Kevin Wang, George N. Wong, Jocelyn K. Schulz, Mathew Samimi, and Felix Gutierrez, "Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!," IEEE Access, Vol. 1, 335-349, 2013.
doi:10.1109/access.2013.2260813 Google Scholar

5. Pi, Zhouyue and Farooq Khan, "An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 6, 101-107, 2011.
doi:10.1109/mcom.2011.5783993 Google Scholar

6. Elfergani, Issa, Abubakar Sadiq Hussaini, Jonathan Rodriguez, and Raed Abd-Alhameed, Antenna Fundamentals for Legacy Mobile Applications and Beyond, 1st Ed., Springer, Cham, 2017.

7. Charitos, Michael and Grigorios Kalivas, "MIMO HetNet IEEE 802.11p-LTE deployment in a vehicular urban environment," Vehicular Communications, Vol. 9, 222-232, 2017.
doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2016.12.004 Google Scholar

8. Karabulut, Muhammet Ali, A. F. M. Shahen Shah, and Haci Ilhan, "A novel MIMO-OFDM based MAC protocol for VANETs," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 23, No. 11, 20255-20267, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3180697 Google Scholar

9. Liu, Guang-Yao, Kwok Wa Leung, and Nan Yang, "Compact radiation-pattern-decoupled MIMO antenna with different radiation directions," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1-1, 2025.
doi:10.1109/tap.2025.3596327 Google Scholar

10. Li, Yuan Chun, Kot Lam Chu, TingZhi Zhang, and Quan Xue, "A scalable filtering MIMO antenna with space diversity based on shared SIW cavities," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 24, No. 7, 1769-1773, Jul. 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2025.3546501 Google Scholar

11. Li, Rongyan, Changhong Zhang, and Yu Shao, "A MIMO five-port antenna with pattern and polarization diversity for 5G WLAN applications," 2025 IEEE International Workshop on Radio Frequency and Antenna Technologies (iWRF&AT), 202-204, Shenzhen, China, 2025.
doi:10.1109/iWRFAT65352.2025.11102902

12. Nuss, Benjamin, Linus Hampel, and Thomas Zwick, "Compact broadband 27 GHz aperture-coupled stacked patch MIMO antenna array," 2025 16th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), 9-12, Dresden, Germany, 2025.
doi:10.23919/GeMiC64734.2025.10979111

13. Wang, Heming, Qi Zheng, Qiwei Li, and Xue-Xia Yang, "Isolation improvement and bandwidth enhancement of dual-band MIMO antenna based on metamaterial wall," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 24, No. 5, 1144-1148, May 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2025.3527688 Google Scholar

14. Chai, Bi-Tian, Xin Geng, Lei Guo, Wei Qin, Wen-Wen Yang, and Jian-Xin Chen, "A dual-band tri-port MIMO antenna based on structure reconfiguration," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 1-5, 2025.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2025.3593494 Google Scholar

15. Ullah, Hidayat and Farooq A. Tahir, "A novel snowflake fractal antenna for dual-beam applications in 28 GHz band," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 19873-19879, 2020.
doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968619 Google Scholar

16. Khan, Jalal, Sadiq Ullah, Usman Ali, Farooq Ahmad Tahir, Ildiko Peter, and Ladislau Matekovits, "Design of a millimeter-wave MIMO antenna array for 5G communication terminals," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 7, 2768, 2022.
doi:10.3390/s22072768 Google Scholar

17. Elfergani, Issa, Jonathan Rodriguez, Amjad Iqbal, Maryam Sajedin, Chemseddine Zebiri, and Raed A. AbdAlhameed, "Compact millimeter-wave MIMO antenna for 5G applications," 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1-5, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2020.
doi:10.23919/EuCAP48036.2020.9136015

18. Khan, Muhammad Imran, Sarmadullah Khan, Saad Hassan Kiani, Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, Khalid Mahmood, Umair Rafique, and Muhammad Mansoor Qadir, "A compact mmWave MIMO antenna for future wireless networks," Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 15, 2450, 2022.
doi:10.3390/electronics11152450 Google Scholar

19. Sehrai, Daniyal Ali, Mujeeb Abdullah, Ahsan Altaf, Saad Hassan Kiani, Fazal Muhammad, Muhammad Tufail, Muhammad Irfan, Adam Glowacz, and Saifur Rahman, "A novel high gain wideband MIMO antenna for 5G millimeter wave applications," Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1031, 2020.
doi:10.3390/electronics9061031 Google Scholar

20. Hussain, Niamat, Min-Joo Jeong, Anees Abbas, Tae-Jun Kim, and Nam Kim, "A metasurface-based low-profile wideband circularly polarized patch antenna for 5G millimeter-wave systems," IEEE Access, Vol. 8, 22127-22135, 2020.
doi:10.1109/access.2020.2969964 Google Scholar

21. Ikram, Muhammad, Kamel S. Sultan, Amin M. Abbosh, and Nghia Nguyen-Trong, "Sub-6 GHz and mm-Wave 5G vehicle-to-everything (5G-V2X) MIMO antenna array," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 49688-49695, 2022.
doi:10.1109/access.2022.3172931 Google Scholar

22. Islam, Tanvir, Fahad N. Alsunaydih, Fahd Alsaleem, and Khaled Alhassoon, "Analyzing the performance of millimeter wave MIMO antenna under different orientation of unit element," Micromachines, Vol. 14, No. 11, 1975, 2023.
doi:10.3390/mi14111975 Google Scholar

23. Munir, Mehr E., Saad Hassan Kiani, Huseyin Serif Savci, Mohamed Marey, Jehanzeb Khan, Hala Mostafa, and Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, "A four element mm-wave MIMO antenna system with wide-band and high isolation characteristics for 5G applications," Micromachines, Vol. 14, No. 4, 776, 2023.
doi:10.3390/mi14040776 Google Scholar

24. Sehrai, Daniyal Ali, Mehr E. Munir, Saad Hassan Kiani, Nosherwan Shoaib, Abeer D. Algarni, Hela Elmannai, Moustafa M. Nasralla, and Tanweer Ali, "A high gain array based millimeter wave MIMO antenna with improved isolation and decorrelated fields," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 89794-89803, 2024.
doi:10.1109/access.2024.3418843 Google Scholar

Dr. Jingchang Nan

Mr. Licong Fan

Dr. Shuming Liu

Dr. Yifei Wang