volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A compact four-element MIMO antenna with dimensions 40 × 32 × 1.2 mm³ is presented. The design employs stylized C-shaped radiators with slanted edges and a shared defected ground plane integrated with folded stubs to enhance impedance matching and bandwidth. Fabricated on an RT5880 substrate (ε_r = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0009), the antenna achieves an ultra-wide operating range of 4.24-19.70 GHz with inter-element isolation above 20 dB. Diversity metrics, including envelope correlation coefficient (< 0.02), diversity gain (≈10 dB), channel capacity loss (<0.0325 bits/s/Hz), and total active reflection coefficient (-12 to -24 dB), are verified through simulation and measurement, confirming robust MIMO characteristics. Owing to its wideband operation and high isolation, the antenna is suitable for sub-6 GHz 5G NR (n79: 4.4-5.0 GHz), WLAN/Wi-Fi (5.15-5.825 GHz), X-band navigation and radar (8-12 GHz), and Ku-band satellite communication (12-14.5 GHz).

1. Kumar, Om Prakash, Pramod Kumar, Tanweer Ali, Pradeep Kumar, and Shweta Vincent, "Ultrawideband antennas: Growth and evolution," Micromachines, Vol. 13, No. 1, 60, 2022.
doi:10.3390/mi13010060

2. Dave, Ujjval Rameshchandra, Shahidmohammed Salauddin Modasiya, Abhinav Jagdishchandra Dave, and Rahulkumar Maheshkumar Patel, "Progressions in ultra-wideband antenna design: A comprehensive overview of innovative strategies and real-world implementations," SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 5, 139-154, 2024.
doi:10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V11I5P115

3. Liu, Yan-Yan and Zhi-Hong Tu, "Compact differential band-notched stepped-slot UWB-MIMO antenna with common-mode suppression," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 16, 593-596, 2017.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2016.2592179

4. Devana, Venkata Naga Koteswara Rao and Avula Maheswara Rao, "A novel dual band notched MIMO UWB antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 93, 65-71, 2020.
doi:10.2528/pierl20080101

5. Khedr, Amira A., Basem E. Elnaghi, and Ahmed M. Mohamed, "Design of a compact dual port 2 × 1 ultra-wideband MIMO antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting based on four ``A'' shaped slots," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 128, 41-49, 2024.
doi:10.2528/pierm24051805

6. Saritha, Vanka and Chakali Chandrasekhar, "A compact wide band MIMO antenna with quadruple notches in UWB," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 108, 237-247, 2022.
doi:10.2528/pierm22012101

7. Suresh, Ankireddy C. and Thatiparthi Sreenivasulu Reddy, "A flower shaped miniaturized 4 × 4 MIMO antenna for UWB applications using characteristic mode analysis," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 119, 219-233, 2022.
doi:10.2528/PIERC22020202

8. Ren, Wanying, Zhong-Gen Wang, Ming Yang, Jinzhi Zhou, and Wen-Yan Nie, "Design of a simple four-port UWB-MIMO antenna based on a fan-shaped isolator," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 126, 117-126, 2024.
doi:10.2528/pierm24011101

9. Bhattacharya, Ankan, "Design, fabrication, and measurement of a miniaturized MIMO antenna applicable for 5G communication," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 16, No. 4, 567-578, 2024.
doi:10.1017/s1759078724000096

10. Bhattacharya, Ankan, Bappadittya Roy, Arnab De, Ujjal Chakraborty, and Saurav Mallik, "Extended investigations on a compact, isolation enhanced, printed MIMO antenna for higher band 5G," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 134, No. 2, 1093-1117, 2024.
doi:10.1007/s11277-024-10964-0

11. Sharma, M. K., M. Kumar, J. P. Saini, Shashank Sukla, and Nikhil Bhati, "UWB-MIMO diversity antenna for next generation wireless applications," 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 1528-1532, New Delhi, India, 2016.

12. Devana, V. N. Koteswara Rao, Savanam Chandra Sekhar, V. L. N. Phani Ponnapalli, G. Sekhar Reddy, N. Radha, et al. "A compact MIMO antenna for GPS/PCS/Bluetooth wireless applications," 2023 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT), 1-4, Hubli, India, 2023.
doi:10.1109/CONIT59222.2023.10205651

13. Ali, Wael A. E. and Ahmed A. Ibrahim, "A compact double-sided MIMO antenna with an improved isolation for UWB applications," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 82, 7-13, 2017.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2017.07.031

14. Khan, Aqeel Ahmed, Syed Aftab Naqvi, Muhammad Saeed Khan, and Bilal Ijaz, "Quad port miniaturized MIMO antenna for UWB 11 GHz and 13 GHz frequency bands," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 131, 153618, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153618

15. Devana, V. N. Koteswara Rao and A. Maheswara Rao, "An octagonal shaped MIMO UWB antenna with dual band notched characteristics," Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks, 599-606, 2019.
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28364-3_61

16. Deng, Jing-Ya, Li-Xin Guo, and Xiang-Long Liu, "An ultrawideband MIMO antenna with a high isolation," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 15, 182-185, 2015.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2015.2437713

17. Kang, Le, Hui Li, Xinhuai Wang, and Xiaowei Shi, "Compact offset microstrip-fed MIMO antenna for band-notched UWB applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 1754-1757, 2015.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2015.2422571

18. Ma, L., Z. Shao, J. Lai, C. Gu, and J. Mao, "A compact dual-decoupling scheme for aperture-coupled and probe-fed closely spaced wideband microstrip antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 71, No. 11, 9072-9077, Nov. 2023.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2023.3306637

19. Devana, V. N. Koteswara Rao and A. Maheswara Rao, "A compact flower slotted dual band notched ultrawideband antenna integrated with Ku band for ultrawideband, medical, direct broadcast service, and fixed satellite service applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 63, No. 2, 556-563, 2021.
doi:10.1002/mop.32619

20. Devana, V. N. Koteswara Rao, N. Radha, P. Sunitha, Fahad N. Alsunaydih, Fahd Alsaleem, and Khaled Alhassoon, "Compact MIMO UWB antenna integration with Ku band for advanced wireless communication applications," Heliyon, Vol. 10, No. 5, e27393, 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27393

21. Pandya, Killol, Trushit Upadhyaya, Vishal Sorathiya, Upesh Patel, Aneri Pandya, and Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani, "Highly isolated electrically compact UWB MIMO antenna for wireless communications applications," Results in Engineering, Vol. 24, 103082, 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103082

22. Wang, Zhonggen, Guoxiang Song, Wenyan Nie, Ming Yang, Chenlu Li, and Mingqing Wang, "A racket-like UWB MIMO antenna with high isolation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 144, 159-168, 2024.
doi:10.2528/pierc24052901

23. Sharma, Rashbha, Rajesh Khanna, and Geetanjali Kapur, "Design of metamaterial loaded wideband sub-6 GHz 2 × 1 MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation using characteristic mode analysis," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 134, No. 3, 1713-1736, 2024.
doi:10.1007/s11277-024-10998-4

24. Abdelghany, Mahmoud A., Mohamed Fathy Abo Sree, Arpan Desai, and Ahmed A. Ibrahim, "4-port octagonal shaped MIMO antenna with low mutual coupling for UWB applications," Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol. 136, No. 2, 1999-2015, 2023.
doi:10.32604/cmes.2023.023643

25. Wu, Ling, Xia Cao, and Bing Yang, "Design and analysis of a compact UWB-MIMO antenna with four notched bands," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 108, 127-137, 2022.
doi:10.2528/pierm21112101

26. Thotakura, Haritha, Rajesh Gogineni, Kosuri Srinivasa Rao, Chunduri Kiran Kumar, Ramesh Babu Sadineni, and Sunitha Mandava, "A miniaturized highly isolated two port triple band-notched UWB MIMO antenna verified by characteristic mode analysis," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 160, 133-142, 2025.
doi:10.2528/pierc25082303

27. Thanki, Poonam, Trushit Upadhyaya, Upesh Patel, Kanwar Preet Kaur, Killol Pandya, Dhara Patel, and V. T. Patel, "Compact wideband two port MIMO antenna with high isolation for wireless applications," 2025 Fifth International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT), 1-5, Bhilai, India, 2025.
doi:10.1109/ICAECT63952.2025.10958902

28. Kaur, Harleen, Hari Shankar Singh, and Rahul Upadhyay, "Design and analysis of planar four-port UWB-MIMO antenna with band-rejection capability," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Vol. 16, No. 1, 127-139, 2024.
doi:10.1017/s175907872300065x

Dr. Pandillapalli Janardhana Reddy

Prof. Gummadi Kameswari