volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper we report a cascaded circular ring antenna with semicircular C-shaped radiating slots for multiband applications. The novelty of this paper lies with three techniques as follows: cascading circular rings, semicircular C-shaped slots and complimentary split ring resonators embedded on the ground are included in the paper. The dimensions with optimised values are 35 × 35 × 1.61 mm³. The antenna operates from 2.124 GHz to 8.284 GHz, and it is deposited on a 1.6 mm thick FR-4 substrate. The radiating patch is built on the substrate; it is made by developing multiple circular ring structures to develop a cascaded ring-like pattern that provides the wideband response. The antenna successfully resonated with a wide bandwidth of 6.16 GHz in the span of 2.124 GHz to 8.284 GHz. The ground features a half hexagonal slot that is embedded within the larger etched rectangular slot. An equivalent circuit with R-L-C elements is developed. The resonating bands are obtained at 3.0 GHz, 5.89 GHz, and 7.07 GHz with reflection coefficients of -21.3 dB, -19.7 dB, and -26.7 dB, respectively. The optimised design operates at UWB, WLAN, WiMAX, and 5G midband applications.

1. Khan, Muhammad Umar, Mohammad Said Sharawi, and Raj Mittra, "Microstrip patch antenna miniaturisation techniques: A review," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 9, No. 9, 913-922, 2015.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2014.0602

2. Lee, Kai-Fong and Kin-Fai Tong, "Microstrip patch antennas-basic characteristics and some recent advances," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 100, No. 7, 2169-2180, Jul. 2012.
doi:10.1109/jproc.2012.2183829

3. Al-Amoudi, Mohamed Abdulrahman, "Study, design, and simulation for microstrip patch antenna," International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review (IJASER), Vol. 2, No. 2, 1-29, 2021.
doi:10.52267/ijaser.2021.2201

4. Altufaili, Mohammed Mahdi Salih, Ameer Najm Najaf, and Zainab Sabah Idan, "Design of circular-shaped microstrip patch antenna for 5G applications," TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control), Vol. 20, No. 1, 19-26, 2022.
doi:10.12928/telkomnika.v20i1.21019

5. Deng, Changjiang, Zhewei Zhao, and Weihua Yu, "Characteristic mode analysis of circular microstrip patch antenna and its application to pattern diversity design," IEEE Access, Vol. 10, 2399-2407, 2021.
doi:10.1109/access.2021.3139316

6. Mukta, Chaitali, Mahfujur Rahman, and A. Z. M. T. Islam, "Design of a compact circular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications," International Journal on AdHoc Networking Systems, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1-11, 2021.
doi:10.5121/ijans.2021.11301

7. Thaher, Raad H. and Lina Mohammed Nori, "Design and analysis of multiband circular microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication," Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3, 23-30, 2022.
doi:10.21533/pen.v10.i3.639

8. Muthuvel, Suresh Kumar, Minakshmi Shaw, and Yogesh Kumar Choukiker, "Concentric circular compound reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 141, 153960, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153960

9. Ayalew, Lijaddis Getnet and Fanuel Melak Asmare, "Design and optimization of pi-slotted dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna using surface response methodology for 5G applications," Heliyon, Vol. 8, No. 12, e12030, 2022.
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12030

10. Sabila, Liya Yusrina, Anton Yudhana, Muhammad Miftahul Amri, Asra Akrima, and Igo Putra Pratama, "Design of circular patch array microstrip antenna using slot for ISM band," Journal of Electrical Technology UMY, Vol. 6, No. 2, 77-84, 2022.
doi:10.18196/jet.v6i2.16514

11. Da Xu, Kai, Yong Hong Zhang, Ronald J. Spiegel, Yong Fan, William T. Joines, and Qing Huo Liu, "Design of a stub-loaded ring-resonator slot for antenna applications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 2, 517-524, Feb. 2015.
doi:10.1109/tap.2014.2382646

12. Yadav, N. P., Malay Ranjan Tripathy, and Yongchae Jeong, "T-shaped slot loaded rectangular patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth using defected ground structure," 2018 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama), 1570-1575, Toyama, Japan, 2018.
doi:10.23919/PIERS.2018.8597629

13. Tiwari, Rakesh Nath, Prabhakar Singh, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, and Amit Kant Pandit, "A coalesced kite shaped monopole antenna for UWB technology," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 114, No. 4, 3031-3048, 2020.
doi:10.1007/s11277-020-07516-7

14. Song, Kun, Ying-Zeng Yin, Xiao-Bo Wu, and Li Zhang, "Bandwidth enhancement of open slot antenna with a T-shaped stub," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 52, No. 2, 390-393, 2010.
doi:10.1002/mop.24929

15. Verma, Ramesh Kumar and D. K. Srivastava, "Bandwidth enhancement of a slot loaded T-shape patch antenna," Journal of Computational Electronics, Vol. 18, No. 1, 205-210, 2019.
doi:10.1007/s10825-018-1277-7

16. Ansari, J. A. and Sapna Verma, "Analysis of T-slot loaded disk patch antenna for dual band operation with small frequency ratio," International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, Vol. 8, No. 3, 15-30, 2015.
doi:10.14257/ijfgcn.2015.8.3.02

17. Tiwari, Rakesh N., Prabhakar Singh, and Binod Kumar Kanaujia, "A modified microstrip line fed compact UWB antenna for WiMAX/ISM/WLAN and wireless communications," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 104, 58-65, 2019.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2019.03.008

18. Sharma, Abhishek, Binod K. Kanaujia, and Sachin Kumar, "Compact microstrip antenna loaded with T-shaped slots," 2013 International Conference on Microwave and Photonics (ICMAP), 1-3, Dhanbad, India, 2013.
doi:10.1109/ICMAP.2013.6733495

19. Tiwari, Rakesh Nath, Prabhakar Singh, and Binod Kumar Kanaujia, "Asymmetric U-shaped printed monopole antenna embedded with T-shaped strip for Bluetooth, WLAN/WiMAX applications," Wireless Networks, Vol. 26, No. 1, 51-61, 2020.
doi:10.1007/s11276-018-1781-5

20. Sung, Youngje, "Stub-loaded square-ring antenna for circular polarization applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 30, No. 11, 1465-1473, 2016.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2016.1202788

21. Ruvio, Giuseppe, Max J. Ammann, Matthias John, Raffaele Solimene, Antonietta D'Alterio, and Rocco Pierri, "UWB breast cancer detection with numerical phantom and Vivaldi antenna," 2011 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB), 8-11, Bologna, Italy, 2011.
doi:10.1109/ICUWB.2011.6058929

22. Mobashsher, Ahmed Toaha, Konstanty S. Bialkowski, and Amin M. Abbosh, "Design of compact cross-fed three-dimensional slot-loaded antenna and its application in wideband head imaging system," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 15, 1856-1860, 2016.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2016.2539970

23. Salleh, Azahari, Ching Chiou Yang, Mandeep Singh Jit Singh, and Mohammad Tariqul Islam, "Development of antipodal Vivaldi antenna for microwave brain stroke imaging system," International Journal of Engineering & Technology, Vol. 8, No. 3, 162-168, 2019.
doi:10.14419/ijet.v8i3.19933

24. Alqadami, Abdulrahman S. M., Nghia Nguyen-Trong, Beadaa Mohammed, Anthony E. Stancombe, Michael Tobias Heitzmann, and Amin Abbosh, "Compact unidirectional conformal antenna based on flexible high-permittivity custom-made substrate for wearable wideband electromagnetic head imaging system," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 68, No. 1, 183-194, Jan. 2020.
doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2938849

25. Zainud-Deen, Saber H., Noha A. El-Shalaby, Hend A. Malhat, and Shaymaa M. Gaber, "Reconfigurable multi-turns planar plasma helical antenna," Plasmonics, Vol. 14, No. 6, 1831-1837, 2019.
doi:10.1007/s11468-019-00975-0

26. Babu, Gade Harish, M. Srinivas, C. Gnanaprakasam, R. Thandaiah Prabu, M. Rajani Devi, Shaik Hasane Ahammad, Md. Amzad Hossain, and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, "Meander line base asymmetric co-planar wave guide (CPW) feed tri-mode antenna for Wi-Max, North American Public Safety and satellite applications," Plasmonics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1007-1018, 2023.
doi:10.1007/s11468-023-01826-9

27. Bag, Biplab, Priyabrata Biswas, Rahul Mondal, Sushanta Biswas, and Partha P. Sarkar, "Circularly polarized quad-band monopole antenna of wireless communication system," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 9, e21818, 2019.
doi:10.1002/mmce.21818

28. Shaw, Murari, Niranjan Mandal, and Malay Gangopadhyay, "A compact circularly polarized isosceles triangular microstrip patch antenna with parasitic elements for multiband application," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 10, 3275-3282, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mop.32445

29. Nallapaneni, Srikanta and Pachiyaannan Muthusamy, "Design of multiband fractal antenna loaded with parasitic elements for gain enhancement," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 6, e22622, 2021.
doi:10.1002/mmce.22622

30. Shinde, Jayashree P., Raj Kumar, and Mahadev D. Uplane, "Circular polarization in defected hexagonal shaped microstrip antenna," Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 75, No. 2, 843-856, 2014.
doi:10.1007/s11277-013-1394-3

31. Balanis, Constantine A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

Dr. Chevala Rambabu

Dr. Kaza Srilakshmi

Dr. Vasudha Vijayasri Bolisetty

Dr. Udara Yedukondalu

Dr. Kottapadikal Vinodan Vineetha