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2026-03-16
Multiband Characteristic of a Microwave Triangular Patch Antenna with Harmonic Suppression Capability
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 167, 104-116, 2026
Abstract
In this paper, a multiband patch antenna with harmonic suppression capability is developed for LoRa and GPS applications. The antenna configuration consists of a triangular patch as the primary radiator and a microstrip feed line as the excitation source. A parasitic element and a U-shaped slot are incorporated to generate the second and third resonance bands, while two stubs suppress the unwanted harmonics and improve impedance matching. The antenna is implemented on an FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4), consisting of a main radiator measuring 84.5 mm × 92.45 mm, a parasitic element of 56 mm × 6.2 mm, a U-slot of 35 mm × 1.8 mm, and two stubs measuring 7 mm × 3 mm and 15 mm × 3 mm, respectively. The dimension of the antenna width and length are both 140 mm with a 50-Ω feed line of width 3 mm and length 19.5 mm. The bottom of the antenna contains a full ground plane. An extensive parametric study is conducted to optimize the antenna. The simulation and measurement results confirm that the antenna meets the -10 dB return-loss criterion throughout its operating frequencies with a bandwidth of 19 MHz (426-445 MHz) for the 433-MHz band, 13 MHz (916-929 MHz) for the 923-MHz band, and 19 MHz (1.559-1.578 GHz) for the 1.57-GHz band. The unwanted harmonics at 1.68 GHz, 2.00 GHz, and 2.67 GHz are successfully attenuated. The simulated current distributions, radiation patterns, and gain values for each band validate the antenna's multiband operation and harmonic-suppression capability.
Citation
Ammar Daniel Abd Azis, Shipun Anuar Hamzah, Khairun Nidzam Ramli, Bilal A. Khawaja, Saeed Alzahrani, Mohd Noh Dalimin, and Muhammad Sani Yahya, "Multiband Characteristic of a Microwave Triangular Patch Antenna with Harmonic Suppression Capability," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 167, 104-116, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERC26011603
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