Vol. 168
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERC 168 [2026] PIERC 167 [2026] PIERC 166 [2026] PIERC 165 [2026] PIERC 164 [2026] PIERC 163 [2026] PIERC 162 [2025] PIERC 161 [2025] PIERC 160 [2025] PIERC 159 [2025] PIERC 158 [2025] PIERC 157 [2025] PIERC 156 [2025] PIERC 155 [2025] PIERC 154 [2025] PIERC 153 [2025] PIERC 152 [2025] PIERC 151 [2025] PIERC 150 [2024] PIERC 149 [2024] PIERC 148 [2024] PIERC 147 [2024] PIERC 146 [2024] PIERC 145 [2024] PIERC 144 [2024] PIERC 143 [2024] PIERC 142 [2024] PIERC 141 [2024] PIERC 140 [2024] PIERC 139 [2024] PIERC 138 [2023] PIERC 137 [2023] PIERC 136 [2023] PIERC 135 [2023] PIERC 134 [2023] PIERC 133 [2023] PIERC 132 [2023] PIERC 131 [2023] PIERC 130 [2023] PIERC 129 [2023] PIERC 128 [2023] PIERC 127 [2022] PIERC 126 [2022] PIERC 125 [2022] PIERC 124 [2022] PIERC 123 [2022] PIERC 122 [2022] PIERC 121 [2022] PIERC 120 [2022] PIERC 119 [2022] PIERC 118 [2022] PIERC 117 [2021] PIERC 116 [2021] PIERC 115 [2021] PIERC 114 [2021] PIERC 113 [2021] PIERC 112 [2021] PIERC 111 [2021] PIERC 110 [2021] PIERC 109 [2021] PIERC 108 [2021] PIERC 107 [2021] PIERC 106 [2020] PIERC 105 [2020] PIERC 104 [2020] PIERC 103 [2020] PIERC 102 [2020] PIERC 101 [2020] PIERC 100 [2020] PIERC 99 [2020] PIERC 98 [2020] PIERC 97 [2019] PIERC 96 [2019] PIERC 95 [2019] PIERC 94 [2019] PIERC 93 [2019] PIERC 92 [2019] PIERC 91 [2019] PIERC 90 [2019] PIERC 89 [2019] PIERC 88 [2018] PIERC 87 [2018] PIERC 86 [2018] PIERC 85 [2018] PIERC 84 [2018] PIERC 83 [2018] PIERC 82 [2018] PIERC 81 [2018] PIERC 80 [2018] PIERC 79 [2017] PIERC 78 [2017] PIERC 77 [2017] PIERC 76 [2017] PIERC 75 [2017] PIERC 74 [2017] PIERC 73 [2017] PIERC 72 [2017] PIERC 71 [2017] PIERC 70 [2016] PIERC 69 [2016] PIERC 68 [2016] PIERC 67 [2016] PIERC 66 [2016] PIERC 65 [2016] PIERC 64 [2016] PIERC 63 [2016] PIERC 62 [2016] PIERC 61 [2016] PIERC 60 [2015] PIERC 59 [2015] PIERC 58 [2015] PIERC 57 [2015] PIERC 56 [2015] PIERC 55 [2014] PIERC 54 [2014] PIERC 53 [2014] PIERC 52 [2014] PIERC 51 [2014] PIERC 50 [2014] PIERC 49 [2014] PIERC 48 [2014] PIERC 47 [2014] PIERC 46 [2014] PIERC 45 [2013] PIERC 44 [2013] PIERC 43 [2013] PIERC 42 [2013] PIERC 41 [2013] PIERC 40 [2013] PIERC 39 [2013] PIERC 38 [2013] PIERC 37 [2013] PIERC 36 [2013] PIERC 35 [2013] PIERC 34 [2013] PIERC 33 [2012] PIERC 32 [2012] PIERC 31 [2012] PIERC 30 [2012] PIERC 29 [2012] PIERC 28 [2012] PIERC 27 [2012] PIERC 26 [2012] PIERC 25 [2012] PIERC 24 [2011] PIERC 23 [2011] PIERC 22 [2011] PIERC 21 [2011] PIERC 20 [2011] PIERC 19 [2011] PIERC 18 [2011] PIERC 17 [2010] PIERC 16 [2010] PIERC 15 [2010] PIERC 14 [2010] PIERC 13 [2010] PIERC 12 [2010] PIERC 11 [2009] PIERC 10 [2009] PIERC 9 [2009] PIERC 8 [2009] PIERC 7 [2009] PIERC 6 [2009] PIERC 5 [2008] PIERC 4 [2008] PIERC 3 [2008] PIERC 2 [2008] PIERC 1 [2008]
2026-04-03
Parametric Model for Coaxial Cavity Filter Using Deep Learning Neural Networks
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 168, 82-88, 2026
Abstract
This study introduces a deep neural network architecture tailored for accurately modeling the parameters of microwave components, with a specific focus on waveguide filters. Unlike simpler neural networks, this architecture is designed to handle the complex relationships that are prevalent in microwave engineering. The model's inputs include the filter's geometric variables and frequency, whereas the S-parameters serve as outputs. To effectively capture these relationships, the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function was employed, which is known for its efficiency in managing a significant number of training parameters. This choice allowed the model to better grasp the intricate connection between the S-parameters and geometric variables, and the relationship was found to be more complex than that with frequency. The primary goal is to reduce the overall count of training parameters within the deep neural network while maintaining a level of accuracy similar to that of fully connected neural networks. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach through waveguide filter parametric modeling, highlighting its capacity to accurately model and optimize the electromagnetic response of the filter.
Citation
Nour El Houda Sara Senasli, Bouhafs Bouras, Mohammed Chetioui, Lamia Senasli, and Mehdi Damou, "Parametric Model for Coaxial Cavity Filter Using Deep Learning Neural Networks," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 168, 82-88, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERC26011901
References

1. Farabet, Clement, Camille Couprie, Laurent Najman, and Yann LeCun, "Learning hierarchical features for scene labeling," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 35, No. 8, 1915-1929, Aug. 2013.
doi:10.1109/tpami.2012.231        Google Scholar

2. Chen, Dongpeng and Brian Kan-Wing Mak, "Multitask learning of deep neural networks for low-resource speech recognition," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, Vol. 23, No. 7, 1172-1183, Jul. 2015.
doi:10.1109/taslp.2015.2422573        Google Scholar

3. Collobert, Ronan and Jason Weston, "A unified architecture for natural language processing: Deep neural networks with multitask learning," Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning, 160-167, Jul. 2008.
doi:10.1145/1390156.1390177

4. Bengio, Yoshua, "Learning deep architectures for AI," Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1-127, 2009.
doi:10.1561/2200000006        Google Scholar

5. Huang, An-Dong, Zheng Zhong, Wen Wu, and Yong-Xin Guo, "An artificial neural network-based electrothermal model for GaN HEMTs with dynamic trapping effects consideration," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 64, No. 8, 2519-2528, Aug. 2016.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2016.2586055        Google Scholar

6. Cho, Kyunghyun, B. Van Merriënboer, C. Gulçehre, D. Bahdanau, F. Bougares, H. Schwenk, and Y. Bengio, "Learning phrase representations using RNN encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation," Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 1724-1734, 2014.

7. Liu, Wenyuan, Weicong Na, Lin Zhu, Jianguo Ma, and Qi-Jun Zhang, "A Wiener-type dynamic neural network approach to the modeling of nonlinear microwave devices," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 65, No. 6, 2043-2062, Jun. 2017.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2017.2657501        Google Scholar

8. Jin, Jing, Chao Zhang, Feng Feng, Weicong Na, Jianguo Ma, and Qi-Jun Zhang, "Deep neural network technique for high-dimensional microwave modeling and applications to parameter extraction of microwave filters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 67, No. 10, 4140-4155, Oct. 2019.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2019.2932738        Google Scholar

9. Zhao, Ping and Ke Wu, "Homotopy optimization of microwave and millimeter-wave filters based on neural network model," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 68, No. 4, 1390-1400, Apr. 2020.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2019.2963639        Google Scholar

10. Feng, Feng, Venu-Madhav-Reddy Gongal-Reddy, Chao Zhang, Jianguo Ma, and Qi-Jun Zhang, "Parametric modeling of microwave components using adjoint neural networks and pole-residue transfer functions with EM sensitivity analysis," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 65, No. 6, 1955-1975, Jun. 2017.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2017.2650904        Google Scholar

11. Zhang, Q. J. and Kuldip C. Gupta, Neural Networks for RF and Microwave Design, Artech House, 2000.

12. Zhang, Qi-Jun, Kuldip C. Gupta, and V. K. Devabhaktuni, "Artificial neural networks for RF and microwave design-from theory to practice," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 4, 1339-1350, Apr. 2003.
doi:10.1109/tmtt.2003.809179        Google Scholar

13. Karahan, Emir Ali, Zheng Liu, Aggraj Gupta, Zijian Shao, Jonathan Zhou, Uday Khankhoje, and Kaushik Sengupta, "Deep-learning enabled generalized inverse design of multi-port radio-frequency and sub-terahertz passives and integrated circuits," Nature Communications, Vol. 15, No. 1, 10734, 2024.
doi:10.1038/s41467-024-54178-1        Google Scholar

14. Javadi, Sara, Behrooz Rezaee, Sayyid Shahab Nabavi, Michael Ernst Gadringer, and Wolfgang Bösch, "Machine learning-driven approaches for advanced microwave filter design," Electronics, Vol. 14, No. 2, 367, 2025.
doi:10.3390/electronics14020367        Google Scholar