volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This study presents a novel double-sided axe-shaped antenna with a triple band for multibandcst applications. The presented antenna features a circular ring and two ring sectors as a double-sided axe-shaped patch antenna to generate three resonant frequencies, WiMAX 3.55 GHz (3.5-3.62 GHz), WLAN 5.12 GHz (5-5.28 GHz), and X-band 7.67 GHz (7.18-8.17 GHz), with reflection coefficients of -14.86 dB, -19.36 dB, and -36.96 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna is fabricated on an FR4 (ε_r = 4.3) substrate with dimensions of 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm³ and uses DGS ground to improve the current distribution and impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated and measured. The performance evaluation of the multi-band antenna demonstrated satisfactory agreement between simulations and measurements. The proposed multi-band antenna combines enhanced performance with a compact size.

1. Hasan, Y. M., Z.-A. Rahman, and Y. Al-Yasir, "A miniature hexa-band antenna for internet of things applications using six quarter-wavelength resonators," Advanced Electromagnetics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 52-58, 2025.
doi:10.7716/aem.v14i1.2551 Google Scholar

2. Al-Fuqaha, Ala, Mohsen Guizani, Mehdi Mohammadi, Mohammed Aledhari, and Moussa Ayyash, "Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2347-2376, 2015.
doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2444095 Google Scholar

3. Abdulzahra, Duaa H., Falih M. Alnahwi, and Abdulkareem S. Abdullah, "A highly compact and low cost UHF wide slot antenna for internet of a things applications," Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2501-2509, 2024.
doi:10.1007/s42835-023-01648-z Google Scholar

4. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah, and Falih Mahdi Alnahwi, "UWB filtenna with reconfigurable and sharp dual-band notches for underlay cognitive radio applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 120, 45-60, 2022.
doi:10.2528/pierc22032003 Google Scholar

5. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, Kareem Dhahir Rahi, and Alyaa Abduljawad Mahmood, "Rectangular antenna with dual-notch band characteristics for UWB applications," AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2591, No. 1, 020032, 2023.
doi:10.1063/5.0119551

6. Rao, Inaganti Rama Koteswara, Ramavathu Sambasiva Nayak, and Karumuri Rajasekhar, "Design and performance evaluation of a single-layer planar UWB antenna for omnidirectional coverage of 5G IoT devices," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 157, 101-107, 2025.
doi:10.2528/pierc25042302 Google Scholar

7. Abdulzahra, Duaa H., Falih M. Alnahwi, and Abdulkareem Swadi Abdullah, "Design of a miniaturized printed antenna for 2.4 GHz IoT applications," International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), Vol. 12, No. 3, 198-205, 2022.
doi:10.15866/irecap.v12i3.21912 Google Scholar

8. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, "A compact monopole slotted patch-antenna for UWB applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 151, 65-71, 2025.
doi:10.2528/pierc24092403 Google Scholar

9. Abdulkawi, Wazie M., Abdel Fattah A. Sheta, Ibrahim Elshafiey, and Majeed A. Alkanhal, "Design of low-profile single-and dual-band antennas for IoT applications," Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 22, 2766, 2021.
doi:10.3390/electronics10222766 Google Scholar

10. Hasan, Yousif Mohsin, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah, and Falih M. Alnahwi, "Dual-port filtenna system for interweave cognitive radio applications," Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 4, 943-958, 2022.
doi:10.1007/s40998-022-00525-1 Google Scholar

11. Fazal, Dilaawaiz and Qasim Umar Khan, "Dual-band dual-polarized patch antenna using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 70, No. 3, 2271-2276, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3111341 Google Scholar

12. Muzaffar, Sharjeel, Doha Turab, Muhammad Zahid, and Yasar Amin, "Dual-band UWB monopole antenna for IoT applications," Engineering Proceedings, Vol. 46, No. 1, 29, 2023.
doi:10.3390/engproc2023046029 Google Scholar

13. Pradeep, Pendli, Jaya Sankar Kottareddygari, and Chandra Sekhar Paidimarry, "Design of a dual-band monopole antenna for Internet of Things and sub-6 GHz 5G applications," 2024 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), 1-4, Visakhapatnam, India, 2024.
doi:10.1109/WAMS59642.2024.10528093

14. Ketavath, Kumar N., "Dual-band crescent-shaped slot patch antenna for wireless communications and IoT applications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 65, No. 8, 2392-2398, 2023.
doi:10.1002/mop.33708 Google Scholar

15. Gunamony, Shine Let and Josemin Bala Gnanadhas, "Design and investigations of miniaturized dual-band quarter concentric circular ring antenna for LTE and 5G applications," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 10, 9617-9626, 2021.
doi:10.1007/s13369-021-05375-3 Google Scholar

16. Yadav, Anupam Kr., Suman Lata, Sandeep Kr. Singh, Arvind Kr. Singh, Tripurari Sharan, and M. Z. A. Yahya, "Investigating the |S₁₁| parameter of CPW-fed antennas for WiMAX and WLAN applications," Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 52, No. 7, 4359-4368, 2023.
doi:10.1007/s11664-023-10361-6 Google Scholar

17. Najumunnisa, M., Ambadapudi Srinivasa Chandrasekhara Sastry, Boddapati Taraka Phani Madhav, Sudipta Das, Niamat Hussain, Syed Samser Ali, and Muhammad Aslam, "A metamaterial inspired AMC backed dual band antenna for ISM and RFID applications," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 20, 8065, 2022.
doi:10.3390/s22208065 Google Scholar

18. Ahmad, Sarosh, Hichem Boubakar, Salman Naseer, Mohammad Ehsanul Alim, Yawar Ali Sheikh, Adnan Ghaffar, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi, and Naser Ojaroudi Parchin, "Design of a tri-band wearable antenna for millimeter-wave 5G applications," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 20, 8012, 2022.
doi:10.3390/s22208012 Google Scholar

19. Hasan, Y., A. Abdullah, and F. Alnahwi, "Three-modes, reconfigurable filtenna system with UWB, WiMAX, and WLAN states for cognitive radio applications," International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), Vol. 14, No. 1, 15-23, 2024.
doi:10.15866/irecap.v14i1.23912 Google Scholar

20. Sharma, Sanjay Kumar, Taimoor Khan, and Akhilendra Pratap Singh, "Tri-band antenna with metasurface-based ground plane for Sub-6 GHz 5G and 6G WPT applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 38, No. 10, 1147-1157, 2024.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2024.2359719 Google Scholar

21. Alaoui, Nail, Boukhalfa Aicha Amel, and Zeggar Aya, "Tri-band frequency reconfigurable antenna for wireless applications," Instrumentation, Mesures, Métrologies, Vol. 23, No. 2, 175, 2024.
doi:10.18280/i2m.230208 Google Scholar

22. Abdulzahra, Duaa H., Falih Alnahwi, Abdulkareem S. Abdullah, Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir, and Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, "A miniaturized triple-band antenna based on square split ring for IoT applications," Electronics, Vol. 11, No. 18, 2818, 2022.
doi:10.3390/electronics11182818 Google Scholar

23. Kumar, Ashwini and Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha, "Development of a modified Hilbert curve fractal antenna for multiband applications," IETE Journal of Research, Vol. 68, No. 5, 3597-3606, 2022.
doi:10.1080/03772063.2020.1772126 Google Scholar

24. Ali, Waqas, N Nizam-Uddin, Wazie M. Abdulkawi, Asad Masood, Ali Hassan, Jamal Abdul Nasir, and Munezza Ata Khan, "Design and analysis of a quad-band antenna for IoT and wearable RFID applications," Electronics, Vol. 13, No. 4, 700, 2024.
doi:10.3390/electronics13040700 Google Scholar

25. Thiruvenkadam, Saminathan and Eswaran Parthasarathy, "Compact multiband monopole antenna design for IoT applications," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 37, No. 5, 629-643, 2023.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2022.2163191 Google Scholar

26. Let, G. Shine, G. Josemin Bala, C. Benin Pratap, Doondi Kumar Janapala, and Talluri Kezia, "Concentric semi-circular ring loaded multi-band antenna for wireless applications," Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Vol. 114, No. 1, 113-124, 2023.
doi:10.1007/s10470-022-02123-x Google Scholar

27. Karthikeyan, Madurakavi, Ramachandran Sitharthan, Tanweer Ali, and Bappadittya Roy, "Compact multiband CPW fed monopole antenna with square ring and T‐shaped strips," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 62, No. 2, 926-932, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mop.32106 Google Scholar

28. Jha, Pankaj, Anubhav Kumar, Asok De, and Rakesh Kumar Jain, "CPW-fed metamaterial inspired compact multiband antenna for LTE/5G/WLAN communication," Frequenz, Vol. 76, No. 7-8, 401-407, 2022.
doi:10.1515/freq-2021-0176 Google Scholar

29. Wang, Lan, Jianguo Yu, Tangyao Xie, and Kun Bi, "A novel multiband fractal antenna for wireless application," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2021, No. 1, 9926753, 2021.
doi:10.1155/2021/9926753 Google Scholar

30. Li, Rongqiang, Chuan Wu, Xiaofeng Sun, Yuan Zhao, and Wei Luo, "An EBG-based triple-band wearable antenna for WBAN applications," Micromachines, Vol. 13, No. 11, 1938, 2022.
doi:10.3390/mi13111938 Google Scholar

31. Saghati, Alireza Pourghorban, Mohammadnaghi Azarmanesh, and Reza Zaker, "A novel switchable single-and multifrequency triple-slot antenna for 2.4-GHz bluetooth, 3.5-GHz WiMax, and 5.8-GHz WLAN," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 9, 534-537, 2010.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2010.2051401 Google Scholar

Dr. Yousif Mohsin Hasan

Dr. Hassan Hamed Naji