1. Alnaiemy, Yahiea, Mariam Q. Abdalrazak, Zainab Salam, and Taha A. Elwi, "on the performance of CRLH antenna loaded with AMC reflector for direct antenna modulation process," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 166, 244-256, 2026.
doi:10.2528/pierc25111302        Google Scholar

2. Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah, Imran Bin Mohd Ibrahim, Zahriladha Zakaria, and Nur Farzana Bt Mohd Nazli, "Wideband microstrip patch antenna for sub 6 GHz and 5G applications," Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, Vol. 97, No. 11, 26-29, 2021.
doi:10.15199/48.2021.11.04        Google Scholar

3. Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, Zahriladha Zakaria, Muhannad Kaml Abdulhameed, and Tale Saeidi, "Enhancing gain for UWB antennas using FSS: A systematic review," Mathematics, Vol. 9, No. 24, 3301, Dec. 2021.
doi:10.3390/math9243301        Google Scholar

4. Mohanna, Mohammed Mahmoud, E. Abdallah, Hadia El-Hennawy, and Magdy Ahmed Attia, "A novel high directive willis-sinha tapered slot antenna for GPR application in detecting landmine," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 80, 181-198, 2018.
doi:10.2528/pierc17111904        Google Scholar

5. Al-Gburi, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah, Zahriladha Zakaria, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, and Elzameera Bt Abdul Halim, "Microstrip patch antenna arrays design for 5G wireless backhaul application at 3.5 GHz," Recent Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, 77-88, Springer, Singapore, 2022.
doi:10.1007/978-981-16-9781-4_9

6. Ali, Anwar, Jijun Tong, Javed Iqbal, Usman Illahi, Abdul Rauf, Saeed Ur Rehman, Haider Ali, Muhammad Mansoor Qadir, Muhammad Amir Khan, and Rania M. Ghoniem, "Mutual coupling reduction through defected ground structure in circularly polarized, dielectric resonator-based MIMO antennas for sub-6 GHz 5G applications," Micromachines, Vol. 13, No. 7, 1082, Jul. 2022.
doi:10.3390/mi13071082        Google Scholar

7. Al-Gburi, A. J. A., "Do we really need frequency-selective surface and metasurface reflectors for antenna gain enhancement, or are metallic reflectors enough?," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2026, No. 1, 2141943, 2026.
doi:10.1155/ijap/2141943        Google Scholar

8. Mohammed, Dunya Zeki and Ahmed J. A. Al-Gburi, "Compact, gain-enhanced 5G mmWave antenna with metallic ground-backed reflector for high-speed railway communication systems," High-speed Railway, Vol. 3, No. 4, 281-292, 2025.
doi:10.1016/j.hspr.2025.08.004        Google Scholar

9. Zidan, M., M. Islam, N. Misran, and A. Abdullah, "Conductive ground reflector-enabled patch antenna for high-gain 5G sub-6 GHz and multiband systems," Proceedings of The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 78, No. 12, 1879-1885, 2025.
doi:10.7546/crabs.2025.12.16        Google Scholar

10. Jayamani, K., V. Vinodhini, V. Gomathi, S. Vanaja, S. Kalaivani, and V. Chinnammal, "A novel UWB microstrip patch antenna des for cardio activity monitoring application," Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol. 47, 340-344, 2021.
doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.511        Google Scholar

11. Kalita, Ankur Jyoti, Nairit Barkataki, and Utpal Sarma, "Design and optimisation of inverted U-shaped patch antenna for ultra-wideband ground-penetrating radar applications," Engineering Proceedings, Vol. 87, No. 1, 25, Mar. 2025.
doi:10.3390/engproc2025087025        Google Scholar

12. Kumari, Tejaswita, Anupama Senapati, and Abu Nasar Ghazali, "A UWB-specific metasurface-inspired MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation and gain," Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cognitive & Cloud Computing (IC3Com 2024), 30-36, 2025.
doi:10.5220/0013266200004646

13. Kundu, Surajit, "Gain augmentation of a triple notched ultra-wideband antenna using compact uniplanar frequency selective surface for ground penetrating radar," IETE Journal of Research, Vol. 69, No. 2, 813-824, 2023.
doi:10.1080/03772063.2020.1838348        Google Scholar

14. Luadang, Bancha, Chalanthon Ainthachot, Pisit Janpangngern, Khanet Pookkapund, Danai Torrungrueng, Monai Krairiksh, and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich, "EBG-backed ultrawideband circularly polarized Archimedean spiral antenna scheme for IoT applications," Scientific Reports, Vol. 15, No. 1, 11769, 2025.
doi:10.1038/s41598-025-96381-0        Google Scholar

15. Raza, A., W. Lin, M. K. Ishfaq, M. Inam, F. Masud, and M. H. Dahri, "A wideband reflector‐backed antenna for applications in GPR," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2021, No. 1, 3531019, 2021.
doi:10.1155/2021/3531019        Google Scholar

16. Saeidi, Tale, Adam R. H. Alhawari, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Turki Alsuwian, Muhammad Ali Imran, and Qammer Abbasi, "High gain compact UWB antenna for ground penetrating radar detection and soil inspection," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 14, 5183, Jul. 2022.
doi:10.3390/s22145183        Google Scholar

17. Gupta, Anupma, Paras Chawla, Ankush Kansal, and Kulbir Singh, "An active and low-cost microwave imaging system for detection of breast cancer using back scattered signal," Current Medical Imaging, Vol. 18, No. 5, 460-475, 2022.
doi:10.2174/1573405617666210129114536        Google Scholar

18. ALtalqi, F., H. Mabchour, and A. Echchelh, "Design of a high efficiency monopole antenna array for GPR application," Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics, Vol. 16, No. 2, 02015, 2024.
doi:10.21272/jnep.16(2).02015        Google Scholar

19. An, Wenxing, Xiaoqing Tian, Jian Wang, and Shuangshuang Wang, "Low-profile dual-polarized double-layer microstrip antenna for 5G and 5G Wi-Fi," Micromachines, Vol. 14, No. 5, 942, 2023.
doi:10.3390/mi14050942        Google Scholar

20. Awan, Dawar, Shahid Bashir, Shahid Khan, Samir Salem Al-Bawri, and Mariana Dalarsson, "UWB antenna with enhanced directivity for applications in microwave medical imaging," Sensors, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1315, 2024.
doi:10.3390/s24041315        Google Scholar

21. Hussain, Musa, Md. Abu Sufian, Mohammed S. Alzaidi, Syeda Iffat Naqvi, Niamat Hussain, Dalia H. Elkamchouchi, Mohamed Fathy Abo Sree, and Sara Yehia Abdel Fatah, "Bandwidth and gain enhancement of a CPW antenna using frequency selective surface for UWB applications," Micromachines, Vol. 14, No. 3, 591, 2023.
doi:10.3390/mi14030591        Google Scholar

22. Janarthanan, S., M. Anto Bennet, K. Jayaram, and V. Govindaraj, "Compact dual-band microstrip patch antenna design for 5G wireless networks using grey wolf optimization," Tehnički Vjesnik, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1330-1335, 2025.
doi:10.17559/TV-20240611001766        Google Scholar

23. Rizvi, Syed Naheel Raza, Wahaj Abbas Awan, and Niamat Hussain, "Design and characterization of miniaturized printed antenna for UWB communication systems," Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, Vol. 16, No. 2, 1003-1010, 2021.
doi:10.1007/s42835-020-00630-3        Google Scholar

24. Sen, Gobinda and Santanu Das, "Interdigital coupled compact FSS reflector for UWB antenna gain enhancement," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 120, 47-52, 2024.
doi:10.2528/pierl24021701        Google Scholar

25. Tariq, Saba, Waleed Tariq Sethi, Arbab Abdur Rahim, Farooq Faisal, and Tarek Djerafi, "A metasurface assisted pin loaded antenna for high gain millimeter wave systems," Scientific Reports, Vol. 15, No. 1, 12056, 2025.
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-80737-z        Google Scholar

26. Van Verre, Wouter, Frank J. W. Podd, Xianyang Gao, Liam A. Marsh, John L. Davidson, David J. Daniels, and Anthony J. Peyton, "Reducing the induction footprint of ultra-wideband antennas for ground-penetrating radar in dual-modality detectors," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 3, 1293-1301, Mar. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3026909        Google Scholar

27. Xu, Hong, Jie Yan, Guangliang Feng, Zhuo Jia, and Peiqi Jing, "Rock layer classification and identification in ground-penetrating radar via machine learning," Remote Sensing, Vol. 16, No. 8, 1310, Apr. 2024.
doi:10.3390/rs16081310        Google Scholar

28. Zheng, Wuan, Tong Hao, Xiaojing Li, and Wenhao Luo, "Experimental validation of the horizontal resolution improvement by ultra-wideband metasurfaces for GPR systems," NDT & E International, Vol. 147, 103179, Oct. 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2024.103179        Google Scholar

29. Gupta, Anupma, Sachin Kumar Yadav, C. A. D. Durai, Vipan Kuamr, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Peerapong Uthansakul, and Monthippa Uthansakul, "Enhanced breast tumor localization with DRA antenna backscattering and GPR algorithm in microwave imaging," Results in Engineering, Vol. 24, 103044, 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103044        Google Scholar

30. Al-Gburi, A. J. A., "CST vs HFSS: A comparative analysis for antenna and microwave engineering," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2733569, 17 pages, 2026.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/ijap/2733569        Google Scholar

31. Patil, Sonal, Khushboo Singh, and Ashwini Naik, "Examination of breast phantom layers using UWB antenna sensing technique," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Systems, Vol. 17, No. 4, 307-315, 2026.
doi:10.32985/ijeces.17.4.5        Google Scholar

32. Shen, Feng, Ninghe Yang, Chao Xia, Tong Wan, and Jiaheng Kang, "A compact aperture-slot antipodal Vivaldi antenna for GPR systems," Sensors, Vol. 26, No. 3, 810, 2026.
doi:10.3390/s26030810        Google Scholar

33. Prasanth, Aavani, P. Abhinav, Anagh Ramachandran, Anjana Kanakaraj, K. Sajith, and K. K. Ajith, "Experimental ground penetrating radar using vector network analyzer," 2024 IEEE Space, Aerospace and Defence Conference (SPACE), 15-18, Bangalore, India, 2024.
doi:10.1109/SPACE63117.2024.10668133

34. Abbas, Mohammed K., Ali J. Salim, Raaed T. Hammed, and Aduwati Sali, "Design and optimization of a modified straight-tapered Vivaldi antenna using ANN for GPR system," Open Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 1, 20250143, 2025.
doi:10.1515/eng-2025-0143        Google Scholar

35. Din, Iftikhar Ud, Sadiq Ullah, Syeda Iffat Naqvi, Raza Ullah, Shakir Ullah, Esraa Mousa Ali, and Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, "Improvement in the gain of UWB antenna for GPR applications by using frequency‐selective surface," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 2022, No. 1, 2002552, 2022.
doi:10.1155/2022/2002552        Google Scholar

36. Pi, Shuai, Tianhao Wang, and Jun Lin, "Directional and high-gain ultra-wideband bow-tie antenna for ground-penetrating radar applications," Remote Sensing, Vol. 15, No. 14, 3522, 2023.
doi:10.3390/rs15143522        Google Scholar

37. Hu, Ruiyue, Feng Zhang, Shengbo Ye, and Guangyou Fang, "Ultra-wideband and high-gain Vivaldi antenna with artificial electromagnetic materials," Micromachines, Vol. 14, No. 7, 1329, 2023.
doi:10.3390/mi14071329        Google Scholar

38. Turkmen-Kucuksari, Oznur, Aybike Kocakaya, Gonca Çakır, and Sibel Çimen, "Gain enhancement of co-planar waveguide fed ultra-wide bandwidth monopole antenna with enlarged ground plane and metal reflectors," AEU --- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 126, 153422, 2020.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153422        Google Scholar

39. Wu, Yuxuan, Feng Shen, Yue Yuan, and Dingjie Xu, "An improved modified universal ultra-wideband antenna designed for step frequency continuous wave ground penetrating radar system," Sensors, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1045, 2019.
doi:10.3390/s19051045        Google Scholar