Vol. 171
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERC 171 [2026] PIERC 170 [2026] PIERC 169 [2026] PIERC 168 [2026] PIERC 167 [2026] PIERC 166 [2026] PIERC 165 [2026] PIERC 164 [2026] PIERC 163 [2026] PIERC 162 [2025] PIERC 161 [2025] PIERC 160 [2025] PIERC 159 [2025] PIERC 158 [2025] PIERC 157 [2025] PIERC 156 [2025] PIERC 155 [2025] PIERC 154 [2025] PIERC 153 [2025] PIERC 152 [2025] PIERC 151 [2025] PIERC 150 [2024] PIERC 149 [2024] PIERC 148 [2024] PIERC 147 [2024] PIERC 146 [2024] PIERC 145 [2024] PIERC 144 [2024] PIERC 143 [2024] PIERC 142 [2024] PIERC 141 [2024] PIERC 140 [2024] PIERC 139 [2024] PIERC 138 [2023] PIERC 137 [2023] PIERC 136 [2023] PIERC 135 [2023] PIERC 134 [2023] PIERC 133 [2023] PIERC 132 [2023] PIERC 131 [2023] PIERC 130 [2023] PIERC 129 [2023] PIERC 128 [2023] PIERC 127 [2022] PIERC 126 [2022] PIERC 125 [2022] PIERC 124 [2022] PIERC 123 [2022] PIERC 122 [2022] PIERC 121 [2022] PIERC 120 [2022] PIERC 119 [2022] PIERC 118 [2022] PIERC 117 [2021] PIERC 116 [2021] PIERC 115 [2021] PIERC 114 [2021] PIERC 113 [2021] PIERC 112 [2021] PIERC 111 [2021] PIERC 110 [2021] PIERC 109 [2021] PIERC 108 [2021] PIERC 107 [2021] PIERC 106 [2020] PIERC 105 [2020] PIERC 104 [2020] PIERC 103 [2020] PIERC 102 [2020] PIERC 101 [2020] PIERC 100 [2020] PIERC 99 [2020] PIERC 98 [2020] PIERC 97 [2019] PIERC 96 [2019] PIERC 95 [2019] PIERC 94 [2019] PIERC 93 [2019] PIERC 92 [2019] PIERC 91 [2019] PIERC 90 [2019] PIERC 89 [2019] PIERC 88 [2018] PIERC 87 [2018] PIERC 86 [2018] PIERC 85 [2018] PIERC 84 [2018] PIERC 83 [2018] PIERC 82 [2018] PIERC 81 [2018] PIERC 80 [2018] PIERC 79 [2017] PIERC 78 [2017] PIERC 77 [2017] PIERC 76 [2017] PIERC 75 [2017] PIERC 74 [2017] PIERC 73 [2017] PIERC 72 [2017] PIERC 71 [2017] PIERC 70 [2016] PIERC 69 [2016] PIERC 68 [2016] PIERC 67 [2016] PIERC 66 [2016] PIERC 65 [2016] PIERC 64 [2016] PIERC 63 [2016] PIERC 62 [2016] PIERC 61 [2016] PIERC 60 [2015] PIERC 59 [2015] PIERC 58 [2015] PIERC 57 [2015] PIERC 56 [2015] PIERC 55 [2014] PIERC 54 [2014] PIERC 53 [2014] PIERC 52 [2014] PIERC 51 [2014] PIERC 50 [2014] PIERC 49 [2014] PIERC 48 [2014] PIERC 47 [2014] PIERC 46 [2014] PIERC 45 [2013] PIERC 44 [2013] PIERC 43 [2013] PIERC 42 [2013] PIERC 41 [2013] PIERC 40 [2013] PIERC 39 [2013] PIERC 38 [2013] PIERC 37 [2013] PIERC 36 [2013] PIERC 35 [2013] PIERC 34 [2013] PIERC 33 [2012] PIERC 32 [2012] PIERC 31 [2012] PIERC 30 [2012] PIERC 29 [2012] PIERC 28 [2012] PIERC 27 [2012] PIERC 26 [2012] PIERC 25 [2012] PIERC 24 [2011] PIERC 23 [2011] PIERC 22 [2011] PIERC 21 [2011] PIERC 20 [2011] PIERC 19 [2011] PIERC 18 [2011] PIERC 17 [2010] PIERC 16 [2010] PIERC 15 [2010] PIERC 14 [2010] PIERC 13 [2010] PIERC 12 [2010] PIERC 11 [2009] PIERC 10 [2009] PIERC 9 [2009] PIERC 8 [2009] PIERC 7 [2009] PIERC 6 [2009] PIERC 5 [2008] PIERC 4 [2008] PIERC 3 [2008] PIERC 2 [2008] PIERC 1 [2008]
2026-06-13
Analysis and Evaluation of a Novel Linear Partitioned Primary Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine with Asymmetric Winding
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 171, 200-211, 2026
Abstract
This paper proposes a high-thrust-density linear partitioned primary permanent magnet vernier (LPPPMV) machine based on an asymmetric winding configuration, leveraging the advantages of linear machines to avoid the unbalanced magnetic pull caused by asymmetric slot-pole combinations in rotary machines. Firstly, the winding factor and harmonic distribution of asymmetric slot-pole combinations are revealed from the perspective of armature MMF. Furthermore, a higher modulation ratio design is achieved under the same electromagnetic load and its mechanism is analyzed. Then, to address the insufficient fault tolerance of conventional symmetric winding, a modular asymmetric winding machine is proposed and optimized. Consequently, the results show that the proposed machine exhibits superior characteristics in both thrust density and fault tolerance, and finally, experiments on a linear machine test bench validate the theoretical analysis.
Citation
Hui Feng, and Meimei Xu, "Analysis and Evaluation of a Novel Linear Partitioned Primary Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine with Asymmetric Winding," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 171, 200-211, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERC26042703
References

1. Zhi, Ruodong, Biao Liu, Gang Lv, Leilei Cui, and Tong Zhou, "Characteristics analysis of novel transverse flux linear synchronous motor for maglev transportation," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Vol. 9, No. 3, 4104-4112, Sep. 2023.
doi:10.1109/tte.2023.3238744        Google Scholar

2. Shen, Yiming, Zhaokai Li, Zhiqiang Zeng, Qinfen Lu, and Christopher H. T. Lee, "Quantitative analysis of asymmetric flux reversal permanent magnet linear machine for long excursion application," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 71, No. 10, 12781-12792, Oct. 2024.
doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3344854        Google Scholar

3. Chen, Hong, Yao Meng, Qiang Zhang, Dawei Li, and Ronghai Qu, "Design and analysis of a new asymmetric consequent-pole flux reversal dual-PM excited machine with trapezoidal PMs," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Vol. 11, No. 4, 8702-8713, Aug. 2025.
doi:10.1109/tte.2025.3544433        Google Scholar

4. Ge, Jian, Wei Xu, Yi Liu, Fei Xiong, and Dayi Li, "Investigation on winding theory for short primary linear machines," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 70, No. 8, 7400-7412, Aug. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tvt.2021.3089780        Google Scholar

5. Naderi, Peyman and Abbas Shiri, "Modeling of ladder-secondary-linear induction machine using magnetic equivalent circuit," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 67, No. 12, 11411-11419, Dec. 2018.
doi:10.1109/tvt.2018.2877109        Google Scholar

6. Min, Seun Guy, "Integrated design method of linear PM machines considering system specifications," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Vol. 7, No. 2, 804-814, Jun. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tte.2020.3026578        Google Scholar

7. Cheng, Ming, Peng Han, and Wei Hua, "General airgap field modulation theory for electrical machines," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 64, No. 8, 6063-6074, Aug. 2017.
doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2682792        Google Scholar

8. Du, Yi, Ming Cheng, K. T. Chau, Xianxing Liu, Feng Xiao, Wenxiang Zhao, Kai Shi, and Lihong Mo, "Comparison of linear primary permanent magnet vernier machine and linear vernier hybrid machine," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 50, No. 11, 1-4, Nov. 2014.
doi:10.1109/tmag.2014.2317805        Google Scholar

9. Shi, Chaojie, Ronghai Qu, Dawei Li, Xiang Ren, Yuting Gao, and Zhi Chen, "Analysis of the fractional pole-pair linear PM Vernier machine for force ripple reduction," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 68, No. 6, 4748-4759, Jun. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tie.2020.2991932        Google Scholar

10. Liu, Guohai, Huan Zhong, Liang Xu, and Wenxiang Zhao, "Analysis and evaluation of a linear primary permanent magnet vernier machine with multiharmonics," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 68, No. 3, 1982-1993, Mar. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tie.2020.2973888        Google Scholar

11. Du, Kangkang, Wenxiang Zhao, Liang Xu, and Jinghua Ji, "Design of a new fault-tolerant linear permanent-magnet vernier machine," IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, Vol. 1, No. 2, 172-181, Oct. 2020.
doi:10.1109/jestie.2020.3020225        Google Scholar

12. Zhao, Wenxiang, Shiyuan Wang, Jinghua Ji, Liang Xu, and Zhijian Ling, "A new mover separated linear magnetic-field modulated motor for long stroke applications," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 53, No. 11, 1-5, Nov. 2017.
doi:10.1109/tmag.2017.2703638        Google Scholar

13. Lu, Qinfen, Bocheng Wu, Zhiqiang Zeng, and Xiaoyan Huang, "Analysis of a new partitioned-primary flux-reversal hybrid-excited linear motor," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 57, No. 1, 448-457, Jan.-Feb. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tia.2020.3040205        Google Scholar

14. Zeng, Zhiqiang, Yiming Shen, Qinfen Lu, Bocheng Wu, David Gerada, and Christopher Gerada, "Investigation of a partitioned-primary hybrid-excited flux-switching linear machine with dual-PM," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 55, No. 4, 3649-3659, Jul.-Aug. 2019.
doi:10.1109/tia.2019.2912553        Google Scholar

15. Xu, Yunpeng, Jinghua Ji, Zhijian Ling, Chen Wang, and Wenxiang Zhao, "Quantitative comparison of modular linear permanent magnet vernier machines with and without partitioned primary," Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 3, 72-83, Sep. 2023.
doi:10.23919/cjee.2023.000024        Google Scholar

16. Cheng, Ming, Wei Qin, Xinkai Zhu, and Zheng Wang, "Magnetic-inductance: Concept, definition, and applications," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 37, No. 10, 12406-12414, Oct. 2022.
doi:10.1109/tpel.2022.3175372        Google Scholar

17. Metwly, Mohamed Y., Mohamed Ahmed, Ahmed Hemeida, Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik, Mostafa S. Hamad, Anouar Belahcen, Shehab Ahmed, and Noha A. Elmalhy, "Investigation of six-phase surface permanent magnet machine with typical slot/pole combinations for integrated onboard chargers through methodical design optimization," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Vol. 9, No. 1, 866-885, 2022.
doi:10.1109/tte.2022.3197451        Google Scholar

18. Han, Seok-Hee, Thomas M. Jahns, Wen L. Soong, Mustafa K. Güven, and Mahesh S. Illindala, "Torque ripple reduction in interior permanent magnet synchronous machines using stators with odd number of slots per pole pair," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 25, No. 1, 118-127, Mar. 2010.
doi:10.1109/tec.2009.2033196        Google Scholar

19. Li, Junlong, Yongxiang Xu, Jibin Zou, Baochao Wang, Qian Wang, and Weiyan Liang, "Analysis and design of SPM machines with fractional slot concentrated windings for a given constant power region," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 51, No. 11, 1-4, Nov. 2015.
doi:10.1109/tmag.2015.2447000        Google Scholar

20. Yan, Dong, Zhirong Zhu, Haowei Lei, Yan Yan, Tingna Shi, and Changliang Xia, "Investigation of asymmetrical winding layouts for fractional-slot permanent magnet machine," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 71, No. 8, 8416-8426, Aug. 2024.
doi:10.1109/tie.2023.3317867        Google Scholar

21. Demir, Yucel, Ayman M. El-Refaie, and Metin Aydin, "Investigation of asymmetric and unbalanced winding structures for 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 36, No. 3, 1722-1732, Sep. 2021.
doi:10.1109/tec.2020.3044000        Google Scholar

22. Demir, Y. and M. Aydin, "Design of several un-skewed radial flux permanent magnet synchronous motors with asymmetric and symmetric AC windings --- A comparative study," 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2411-2417, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2014.
doi:10.1109/ECCE.2014.6953561