volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper describes the design and analysis of a compact folded monopole antenna based on a Y-shaped meandered configuration, to operate within the 5 GHz to 6.5 GHz frequency range. TThe antenna has a compact size of 40 × 30 mm², and is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 epoxy substrate, making it suitable for easy integration into wireless systems. The main radiating configuration consists of a central vertical feedline connected symmetrically to meandered arms, forming a Y-shaped layout that enables a compact size without affecting radiation efficiency. The antenna is fed through a microstrip line, with the input signal equally distributed to both arms, each functioning as a quarter-wavelength monopole. The antenna demonstrates omnidirectional radiation patterns in both the E and H-planes and achieves a gain of 3\,dB. To ensure human safety, we also performed a specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis using a human baby phantom model. The maximum SAR is 0.128\,W/Kg at both frequencies, well below the acceptable 1.6\,W/kg limit set by the ICNIRP guidelines. The fabricated prototype was tested, and the measured results closely match simulations, validating the antenna's suitability for modern compact wireless applications.

1. Behera, Bikash, Sanjeev Mishra, Mohammed H. Alsharif, Peerapong Uthansakul, and Monthippa Uthansakul, "A metasurface-inspired printed monopole antenna for 5G and RF energy harvesting application," Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, Vol. 51, 101638, 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101638 Google Scholar

2. Pradeep, Pendli, Jaya Sankar Kottareddygari, and Chandra Sekhar Paidimarry, "Design of a dual-band monopole antenna for Internet of Things and sub-6 GHz 5G applications," 2024 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), 1-4, Visakhapatnam, India, 2024.
doi:10.1109/WAMS59642.2024.10528093

3. Sabbar, Nisrin and Larbi Setti, "A double square monopole antenna with dual band (S band/X band) for radar and satellite communication," 2024 International Conference on Global Aeronautical Engineering and Satellite Technology (GAST), 1-6, Marrakesh, Morocco, 2024.
doi:10.1109/GAST60528.2024.10520749

4. Iriqat, Sanaa, Sibel Yenikaya, and Mustafa Secmen, "Dual-band 2 × 1 monopole antenna array and its MIMO configuration for WiMAX, sub-6 GHz, and sub-7 GHz applications," Electronics, Vol. 13, No. 8, 1502, 2024.
doi:10.3390/electronics13081502 Google Scholar

5. Rosaline, Imaculate, Prasad Shastry, Rajeshkumar Venkatesan, and Ilavarasan Tamilarasan, "Design and optimization of a miniaturized dual band rectenna for wireless power transfer applications," Results in Engineering, Vol. 22, 102199, 2024.
doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102199 Google Scholar

6. Prashad, Lalbabu, Harish Chandra Mohanta, and Heba G. Mohamed, "A compact circular rectenna for RF-energy harvesting at ISM band," Micromachines, Vol. 14, No. 4, 825, 2023.
doi:10.3390/mi14040825 Google Scholar

7. Lamkaddem, Abdenasser, Ahmed El Yousfi, Vicente González-Posadas, and Daniel Segovia-Vargas, "Miniaturized dual band implantable antenna for implanted biomedical devices," IEEE Access, Vol. 12, 15026-15036, 2024.
doi:10.1109/access.2024.3357488 Google Scholar

8. Kangeyan, Rajagopal and Madurakavi Karthikeyan, "Miniaturized meander-line dual-band implantable antenna for biotelemetry applications," Etri Journal, Vol. 46, No. 3, 413-420, 2024.
doi:10.4218/etrij.2023-0050 Google Scholar

9. Sakulchat, Suwat, Amnoiy Ruengwaree, Watcharaphon Naktongq, Pramuk Unahalekhaka, and Sommart Promput, "Low-cost high gain sea pimp-shaped dual band monopole antenna for mobile 4G/5G/LTE41/WLAN application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 140, 41-51, 2024.
doi:10.2528/pierc23102607 Google Scholar

10. Zhao, Minghui, Asad Riaz, Imran M. Saied, Zain Shami, and Tughrul Arslan, "Dual-planar monopole antenna-based remote sensing system for microwave medical applications," Sensors, Vol. 24, No. 2, 328, 2024.
doi:10.3390/s24020328 Google Scholar

11. Sahu, Nibash Kumar and Sanjeev Kumar Mishra, "Compact dual-band dual-polarized monopole antennas using via-free metasurfaces for off-body communications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 21, No. 7, 1358-1362, 2022.
doi:10.1109/lawp.2022.3167849 Google Scholar

12. Behera, Bikash R., Priya R. Meher, and Sanjeev K. Mishra, "Microwave antennas --- An intrinsic part of RF energy harvesting systems: A contingent study about its design methodologies and state-of-art technologies in current scenario," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 5, e22148, 2020.
doi:10.1002/mmce.22148 Google Scholar

Dr. Tukaram Salunkhe Dhanashri

Dr. Selvaraj Imaculate Rosaline

Professor Arokiaswami Alphones