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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2026-10-15
Advanced Breast Tissue Tomography via Anatomical Prior-Informed Electrical Impedance Reconstruction
By
Annapoorani Ganesan,

    Dr. Annapoorani Ganesan

    SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus

    India

    Homepage

Rajamanickam Vani,

    Prof. Rajamanickam Vani

    SRM Institute of Science and Technology

    India

    Homepage

Kandasamy Lalitha

    Dr. Kandasamy Lalitha

    SRM Institute of Science and Technology

    India

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 173, 459-470, 2026
DOI:10.2528/PIERC26070907 | Google Scholar

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cause of mortality among women. Early diagnosis is critical because it can enhance survival rates and facilitate effective treatment. In classical breast cancer detection, mammography is the gold standard method. Because each traditional modality has limitations, researchers have studied alternative approaches for over a decade. Electrical impedance tomography is a portable, low-cost, noninvasive technique for screening, tracking, and remote monitoring. This study presents a novel image reconstruction framework that utilizes high-resolution anatomical information obtained from ultrasound tomography (UST) to enhance the spatial resolution and diagnostic accuracy of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) for breast tissue evaluation. First, a high-fidelity forward model for both EIT and US was created, and the corresponding potential distribution and acoustic wave propagation were observed. Second, independent inverse solvers were created, using the Total Variation Primal-Dual Interior Point Method (TV-PDIPM) for EIT and the Attenuation-Weighted Bilinear Interpolation for UST, which revealed their limitations. A physics-informed reconstruction method is proposed, in which a grayscale segmented ultrasound image serves as a spatially variant anatomical prior. This prior technique is used to assign weights to the Total Variation (TV) regularization term in the EIT inverse problem. The integrated US-EIT system achieved an overall accuracy of 98.38%, sensitivity of 92.05{\%}, and Dice coefficient of 0.93. The Relative Image Error (RIE) was reduced to 0.078, with a Localization Error of approximately 0.4 mm. These findings substantiate that physics-informed anatomical guidance significantly alleviates the ill-posedness of the EIT inverse problem. This study establishes a solid computational basis for an economical, non-ionizing, and highly precise multimodal imaging system intended for clinical use in breast cancer screening. The method demonstrated a robust correlation with ground-truth data and a low reconstruction error, achieving a Dice coefficient greater than 0.91.
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Citation
Annapoorani Ganesan, Rajamanickam Vani, and Kandasamy Lalitha, "Advanced Breast Tissue Tomography via Anatomical Prior-Informed Electrical Impedance Reconstruction," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 173, 459-470, 2026.
DOI:10.2528/PIERC26070907
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