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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2026-10-04
Rotor Displacement Self-Sensing for Six-Pole Radial Active Magnetic Bearings Using a Physics-Enhanced LSTM Network
By
Yazhi Gao,

    Ms. Yazhi Gao

    School of Electrical and Information Engineering

    Jiangsu University

    China

    Homepage

Yichen Liu,

    Dr. Yichen Liu

    School of Electrical and Information Engineering

    Jiangsu University

    China

    Homepage

Huangqiu Zhu

    Prof. Huangqiu Zhu

    School of Electrical and Information Engineering

    Jiangsu University

    China

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 173, 389-400, 2026
doi:10.2528/PIERC26090105 | Google Scholar

Abstract
To overcome the limitations of displacement sensors in six-pole radial active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems, such as large installation space and low reliability, this paper proposes a physics-enhanced long short-term memory (PhyLSTM) method for rotor displacement self-sensing. Firstly, a mathematical model is derived, and system feasibility is demonstrated. Then, the PhyLSTM network is developed to learn the dynamic mapping from three-phase control currents to rotor displacement. Multiple physical mechanisms, including rotor dynamics, gyroscopic coupling, and eddy-current effects, are incorporated into the loss function, thereby unifying data-driven learning with physical laws. As a result, high-accuracy prediction through the whole rotor motion process is achieved with reduced computational cost. Thirdly, a simulation system is established to evaluate the proposed method under startup, disturbance, and uncertain initial-position conditions, and the results verify the strong generalization capability of PhyLSTM. Finally, experiments of startup, steady-state suspension, acceleration, and anti-disturbance are conducted. Compared with the baseline method, PhyLSTM limits the maximum prediction error to 9 µm and reduces the error by 55.0%, demonstrating accurate rotor displacement prediction and enhanced robustness and reliability of the AMB system.
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Citation
Yazhi Gao, Yichen Liu, and Huangqiu Zhu, "Rotor Displacement Self-Sensing for Six-Pole Radial Active Magnetic Bearings Using a Physics-Enhanced LSTM Network," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 173, 389-400, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERC26090105
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