volume | PIER Journals

2016-11-23

Design of Continuous Beam Steerable and Scalable Unit Module for Wireless Power Transmission Using Injection-Locked Oscillator Array

Ce Zhang,

Dr. Ce Zhang

Facebook

USA

Homepage

Bingnan Wang,

Dr. Bingnan Wang

Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs

USA

Homepage

Koon Hoo Teo

Dr. Koon Hoo Teo

Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories

USA

Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 69, 169-179, 2016

doi:10.2528/PIERC16081805 | Google Scholar

Abstract

Long-range wireless power transmission (WPT) is implemented with the phased array transmitter technology, which has been extensively applied in the field of the radar systems. The cost of a conventional phased array transmitter module scales up in proportion to the number of antenna elements, as the massive number of transmit channels results in the increasing complexity of hardware and feeding antenna elements. Besides, the conventional phase-shifting transmitter architecture has lower DC to RF power conversion efficiency due to the insertion loss of power combining network at microwave frequency. In this paper, the concept of spatial power combining transmitter is utilized, and the upconversion circuit is greatly simplified to an injection locked oscillator. Our WPT system is implemented with the technology of oscillator array antenna at 2.4 GHz, which converts DC power to RF power and radiates into the air directly. The feedback voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is implemented as the microwave source using a off-the-shelf bandpass filter, and the external signal is injected to the oscillator via a microstrip coupler. {The oscillator core shows the DC-to-RF conversion efficiency of 45.87% with the injected power of 0 dBm at 2.4 GHz. Then the digital phase shifter is used to phase shifting the injected signal to extend the beam coverage. From the link budget analysis, the overall DC-to-DC efficiency of our highly-integrated system shows 1.5 times (0.22%) of the conventional phased array (0.15%) when the separation between the transmit array and the receive horn antenna is 1.2 meter. Therefore, as an modularized array, the proposed system demonstrates the promising capability of upscaling to an efficient massive array with greatly reduced bill-of-materials (BOM).

Download Full Article (660) View Full Article volume

Citation

Copy Export

Ce Zhang, Bingnan Wang, and Koon Hoo Teo, "Design of Continuous Beam Steerable and Scalable Unit Module for Wireless Power Transmission Using Injection-Locked Oscillator Array," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 69, 169-179, 2016.
doi:10.2528/PIERC16081805

References

1. Adler, R., "A study of locking phenomena in oscillators," Proceedings of the IRE, Vol. 34, No. 6, 351-357, 1946.
doi:10.1109/JRPROC.1946.229930 Google Scholar

2. Birkeland, J. and T. Itoh, "A 16 element quasi-optical fet oscillator power combining array with external injection locking," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 40, No. 3, 475-481, 1992.
doi:10.1109/22.121722 Google Scholar

3. Chen, J.-X., K. W. Lau, K. Y. Chan, C. H. K. Chin, Q. Xue, and C. H. Chan, "A double-sided parallel-strip line push-pull oscillator," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 18, No. 5, 335-337, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2008.922124 Google Scholar

4. Choi, J., M. Nick, and A. Mortazawi, "Low phase-noise planar oscillators employing ellipticresponse bandpass filters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 57, No. 8, 1959-1965, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2009.2025424 Google Scholar

5. Daryoush, A. S., "Optical synchronization of millimeter-wave oscillators for distributed architecture," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 38, No. 5, 467-476, 1990.
doi:10.1109/22.54913 Google Scholar

6. Khanna, A. P. S., "Microwave oscillators: the state of the technology," Microwave Journal, Vol. 49, No. 4, 22, 2006. Google Scholar

7. Leeson, D. B., "A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum," Proceedings of the IEEE, 329-330, 1966.
doi:10.1109/PROC.1966.4682 Google Scholar

8. Massa, A., G. Oliveri, F. Viani, and P. Rocca, "Array designs for long-distance wireless power transmission: State-of-the-art and innovative solutions," Proceedings of The IEEE, Vol. 101, No. 6, 1464-1480, 2013.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2245491 Google Scholar

9. McSpadden, J. O. and J. C. Mankins, "Space solar power programs and microwave wireless power transmission technology," Microwave Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 3, No. 4, 46-57, 2002.
doi:10.1109/MMW.2002.1145675 Google Scholar

10. Oida, A., H. Nakashima, J. Miyasaka, K. Ohdoi, H. Matsumoto, and N. Shinohara, "Development of a new type of electric off-road vehicle powered by microwaves transmitted through air," Journal of Terramechanics, Vol. 44, No. 5, 329-338, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.jterra.2007.10.002 Google Scholar

11. Tseng, C.-H. and C.-L. Chang, "Design of low phase-noise microwave oscillator and wideband vco based on microstrip combline bandpass filters," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 60, No. 10, 3151-3160, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2210441 Google Scholar

12. York, R., T. Itoh, et al. "Injection-and phase-locking techniques for beam control [antenna arrays]," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 46, No. 11, 1920-1929, 1998.
doi:10.1109/22.734513 Google Scholar