2009-03-11
The Sycle Slipping Phenomenon and the Degeneration Effect of Guided-Wave Modes
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 6, 75-90, 2009
Abstract
A model of the ring waveguide of a fixed cross-section and variable distribution of the surface impedance of waveguide's wall has been considered. For a class of circular hodographs of surface impedance the analytical solution of the corresponding boundary-value problem has been obtained. This solution has been used for simulating a 'cycle slipping' phenomenon, known from the observations of VLF signals propagating over long paths in the earth-ionosphere waveguide, with the goal of clarifying the cause for its initiation. Numerical experiments have shown that this phenomenon, in the context of the model in question, is a consequence of the interconversion of two dominant waveguide modes in circumstances where their propagation constants are close.
Citation
Leonid Pazynin, "The Sycle Slipping Phenomenon and the Degeneration Effect of Guided-Wave Modes," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 6, 75-90, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERM08121606
References

1. Johler, J. R. and L. A. Berry, Propagation Radio Waves at Frequencies Below 300 kc/s, Pergamon Press, 1964.

2. Alpert, Ya. L., E. G. Guseva, and D. S. Fligel, Propagation of Low-frequency Electromagnetic Waves in the Earth-ionosphere Waveguide, Nauka, 1967 (in Russian).

3. Makarov, G. I., V. V. Novikov, and A. B. Orlov, "The current status of research on the VLF propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide," Izv. Vuzov. Radiofizika, Vol. 13, No. 3, 321-355, 1970 (in Russian).        Google Scholar

4. Simpson, J. J. and A. Taflove, "A review of progress in FDTD Maxwell’s equations modeling of impulsive subionospheric propagation below 300KHz," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 55, No. 6, 1582-1590, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2007.897138        Google Scholar

5. Lynn, K. W., "Multisite observations of the VLF transequatorial propagation anomaly," Radio Science, Vol. 4, No. 3, 203-212, 1969.
doi:10.1029/RS004i003p00203        Google Scholar

6. Walker, D., "Phase steps and amplitude fading of VLF signals at dawn and dusk ," Radio Science, Vol. 69D, No. 11, 1435-1443, 1965.        Google Scholar

7. Bahar, E. and J. R. Wait, "Propagation in a model terrestrial waveguide of nonuniform height: Theory and experiment," Radio Science, Vol. 69D, No. 11, 1445-1463, 1965.        Google Scholar

8. Wait, J. R., "Mode conversion and refraction effects in the earth-ionosphere waveguide for VLF radio waves," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 73, No. 11, 3537-3548, 1968.
doi:10.1029/JA073i011p03537        Google Scholar

9. Katsenelenbaum, B. Z., The Theory of Irregular Waveguides with Slowly Varying Parameters, Academy of Science Press, 1961 (in Russian).

10. Bolotovskii, Ya. E. and G. I. Makarov, "Intersection of VLF-signal path and the ‘day-night’ boundary," Problems of Diffraction and Wave Propagation, No. 11, 142-158, Leningrad State University Press, Leningrad, 1972 (in Russian).        Google Scholar

11. Pappert, R. A. and J. A. Ferguson, "VLF/LF mode conversion model calculations for air to air transmissions in the earth-ionosphere waveguide ," Radio Science, Vol. 21, No. 4, 551-558, 1986.
doi:10.1029/RS021i004p00551        Google Scholar

12. Budden, K. G., "The critical coupling of modes in a tapered earth-ionosphere wave guide ," Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., Vol. 77, 567-580, 1975.
doi:10.1017/S0305004100051392        Google Scholar

13. Krasnushkin, P. Ye. and Ye. N. Fedorov, "About multiplicity of wave numbers of normal modes in stratified media," Radiotekhnika i Elektronika, Vol. 17, No. 6, 1129-1140, 1972 (in Russian).        Google Scholar

14. Westerlund, S. and F. H. Reder, "VLF radio signal propagating over the Greenland ice-sheet," JATP, Vol. 35, No. 8, 1973.        Google Scholar

15. Tyras, G., Radiation and Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves, Academic Press, 1969.

16. Gakhov, F. D. and Yu. I. Cherskii, Convolution Equations, Nauka, 1978 (in Russian).

17. Makarov, G. I., V. V. Novikov, and S. T. Rybachek, Radiowave Propagation in the Earth-ionosphere Waveguide and in the Ionosphere, Nauka, 1994 (in Russian).

18. Felsen, L. B. and N. Marcuvitz, Radiation and Scattering of Waves, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1973.

19. Keller, J. B., S. I. Rubinow, and M. Goldstein, "Zeros of Hankel functions and poles of scattering amplitudes," Journal of Mathematical Physics, Vol. 4, No. 6, 829-832, 1963.
doi:10.1063/1.1724325        Google Scholar

20. Paknys, R., "Evaluation of Hancel functions with complex argument and complex order," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 40, No. 5, 569-578, 1992.
doi:10.1109/8.142635        Google Scholar

21. Tian, Y. B. and J. Qian, "Ultraconveniently finding multiple solutions of complex transcendental equations based on genetic algorithm," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 4, 475-488, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306776117090        Google Scholar

22. Hanson, G. W. and A. B. Yakovlev, "Investigation of mode interaction on planar dielectric waveguides with loss and gain," Radio Science, Vol. 34, No. 6, 1349-1359, Nov.-Dec. 1999.
doi:10.1029/1999RS900096        Google Scholar