2012-08-13
Super-Resolution Imaging of the Graded Photonic Crystal with Negative Refraction
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 25, 185-195, 2012
Abstract
In this paper, super-resolution imaging and negative refraction by a two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattices graded photonic crystal (GPC) were studied. The graded photonic crystal (GPC) was obtained by varying the radius in each row so that its effective refractive index changes along the transverse direction. By using Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method and Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, we show that negative refraction and superlensing can be realized in the designed graded photonic crystal. Numerical simulations show that the photonic crystal structures and frequency have an impact on the resolution.
Citation
Meiling Liu, Maojin Yun, Feng Xia, Weijin Kong, Yong Wan, Jian Liang, Wei Lv, and Huiyue Tan, "Super-Resolution Imaging of the Graded Photonic Crystal with Negative Refraction," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 25, 185-195, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERM12070616
References

1. Veselago, V. G., "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of ε and μ ," Sov. Phys. Usp., Vol. 10, 509, 1968.
doi:10.1070/PU1968v010n04ABEH003699        Google Scholar

2. Pendry, J. B., "Negative refraction makes perfect lens," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 85, 3966, 2000.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3966        Google Scholar

3. Shelby, R. A., D. R. Smith, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, et al. "Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, lefthanded metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 78, 489-491, 2001.
doi:10.1063/1.1343489        Google Scholar

4. Houck, A. A., J. B. Brock, and I. L. Chuang, "Experimental observations of a left-handed material that obeys Snell's law," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 90, 137401, 2003.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.137401        Google Scholar

5. Aydin, K., I. Bulu, and E. Ozbay, "Subwavelength resolution with a negative-index metamaterial superlens," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 90, 254102, 2007.
doi:10.1063/1.2750393        Google Scholar

6. Lu, W. T. and S. Sridhar, "Flat lens without optical axis: Theory of imaging," Opt. Express, Vol. 13, 10673, 2005.
doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.010673        Google Scholar

7. Notomi, M., "Theory of light propagation in strongly modulated photonic crystals: Refraction like behavior in the vicinity of the photonic band gap," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 62, 10696, 2000.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.62.10696        Google Scholar

8. Luo, C., S. G. Johnson, J. D. Joannopoulos, and J. B. Pendry, "All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 65, 201104, 2002.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.201104        Google Scholar

9. Foteinopoulou, S. and C. M. Soukoulis, "Negative refraction and left-handed behavior in two-dimensional photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 67, 235107, 2003.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.67.235107        Google Scholar

10. Berrier, A., M. Mulot, M. Swillo, M. Qiu, L. Thylen, A. Talneau, and S. Anand, "Negative refraction at infrared wavelengths in a two-dimensional photonic crystal," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 93, 073902, 2004.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.073902        Google Scholar

11. Hsu, H. T, T. W. Chang, T. J. Yang, B. H. Chu, C. J. Wu, and , "Analysis of wave properties in photonic crystal narrowband filters with left-handed defect," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 16, 2285-2298, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310793699073        Google Scholar

12. Dong, G., J. Zhou, X. Yang, and X. Meng, "Multi-refraction with same polarization state in two dimensional triangular photonic crystals," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 128, 91-103, 2012.        Google Scholar

13. Srivastava, R., S. Srivastava, and S. P. Ojha, "Negative refraction by photonic crystal," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 2, 15-26, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB08042302        Google Scholar

14. Wang, X., Z. Ren, and K. Kempa, "Unrestricted superlensing in a triangular two-dimensional photonic crystal," Opt. Express, Vol. 12, 2919, 2004.
doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.002919        Google Scholar

15. Gajic, R., R. Meisels, F. Kuchar, and K. Hingerl, "All-angle left-handed negative refraction in Kagome and honeycomb lattice photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 73, 165310, 2006.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.165310        Google Scholar

16. Jin, Y. and S. L. He, "Negative refraction of complex lattices of dielectric cylinders," Phy. Lett. A, Vol. 360, 461, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2006.06.011        Google Scholar

17. Dong, G. Y., X. L. Yang, and L. Z. Cai, "Anomalous refractive effects in honeycomb lattice photonic crystals formed by holographic lithography," Opt. Express, Vol. 18, 16302, 2010.
doi:10.1364/OE.18.016302        Google Scholar

18. Sun, J., Y. F. Shen, J. Chen, L. G. Wang, L. L. Sun, J. Wang, K. Han, and G. Tang, "Imaging properties of a two-dimensional photonic crystal with rectangular air holes embedded in a silicon slab," Photon. Nanostructures, Vol. 8, 163, 2010.
doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2010.03.001        Google Scholar

19. Luo, C., S. G. Johnson, J. D. Joannopoulos, and J. B. Pendry, "Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 68, 045115, 2003.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.045115        Google Scholar

20. Zhang, X., "Image resolution depending on slab thickness and object distance in a two-dimensional photonic-crystal-based superlens," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 70, 195110, 2004.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.70.195110        Google Scholar

21. Taflove, A., Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, Artech House, 1995.

22. Berenger, J. P., "A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves," J. Comput. Phys., Vol. 114, 185, 1994.
doi:10.1006/jcph.1994.1159        Google Scholar

23. Cabuz, A. I., E. Centeno, and D. Cassagne, "Superprism effect in bidimensional rectangular photonic crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett.,, Vol. 84, 2031, 2004.
doi:10.1063/1.1688981        Google Scholar

24. Joannopoulos, J. D., R. D. Meade, and J. N. Winn, Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, Princeton University Press, 1995.

25. Benedicto, J., R. Pollµes, A. Moreau, and E. Centeno, "Large negative lateral shifts due to negative refraction," Opt. Lett., Vol. 36, 2539, 2011.
doi:10.1364/OL.36.002539        Google Scholar

26. Shi, P., K. Huang, and Y. P. Li, "Enhance the resolution of photonic crystal negative refraction imaging by metal grating," Opt. Lett., Vol. 37, 359, 2012.
doi:10.1364/OL.37.000359        Google Scholar

27. Krayzel, F., R. Pollµes, A. Moreau, M. Mihailovic, and G. Granet, "Simulation and analysis of exotic non-specular phenomena," J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public., Vol. 5, 10025, 2010.
doi:10.2971/jeos.2010.10025        Google Scholar

28. Ruan, Z. C., "Dispersion engineering: Negative refraction and designed surface plasmons in periodic structures,", Ph.D. Thesis in Microelectronics and Applied Physics Stockholm, 31-35, Sweden, 2007.        Google Scholar