volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Near-field magnetic measurement is a simple but effective way of researching the magical electromagnetic properties of metamaterials. However, till now, the experiments in the field of metamaterials have involved only far-field macroscopic and near-field electric measurements because of the difficulty in isolating interference from electric fields. In this research, we design and fabricate a near-field magnetic probe with about an one-tenth wavelength size and 20 dB E-field rejection ratio, which can be combined with a parallel double-plate device integrating a system for measuring anisotropic vector magnetic field. As a verification measurement of plane waves and cylindrical waves, it got the clear vector field distribution characteristics and good anisotropy. Next we used the dipole to measure the typical metal split ring structure of the metamaterial. The measurement of the distribution of magnetic fields contributes to revealing the interaction mechanism between electromagnetic waves and metamaterials as well as the relationship between microscopic structural elements and macroscopic electromagnetic properties.

1. Pendry, J. B., "Beyond metamaterials," Nat. Mater, Vol. 5, No. 10, 763-764, 2006.
doi:10.1038/nmat1740 Google Scholar

2. Smith, D. R., S. Schultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 65, No. 19, 195104, 2001.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.195104 Google Scholar

3. Justice, B. J., J. J. Mock, L. Guo, A. Degiron, and D. R. Smith, "Spatial mapping of the internal and external electromagnetic fields of negative index metamaterials," Opt. Express, Vol. 14, No. 19, 8694-8705, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OE.14.008694 Google Scholar

4. Bi, K., Y. Guo, J. Zhou, G. Dong, H. Zhao, Q. Zhao, Z. Xiao, X. Liu, and C. Lan, "Negative and near zero refraction metamaterials based on permanent magnetic ferrites," Sci. Rep., Vol. 4, 4139, 2014. Google Scholar

5. Schurig, D., J. J. Mock, B. J. Justice, S. A. Cummer, J. B. Pendry, A. F. Starr, and D. R. Smith, "Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies," Science, Vol. 314, No. 5801, 977-980, 2006.
doi:10.1126/science.1133628 Google Scholar

6. Liu, R., C. Jic, J. J. Mock, J. Y. Cui, and D. R. Smith, "Broadband ground-plane cloak," Science, Vol. 323, No. 5912, 366-369, 2009.
doi:10.1126/science.1166949 Google Scholar

7. Landy, N. and D. R. Smith, "A full-parameter unidirectional metamaterial cloak for microwaves," Nat. Mater, Vol. 12, No. 1, 25-28, 2013.
doi:10.1038/nmat3476 Google Scholar

8. Peng, R. G., Z. Q. Xiao, Q. Zhao, F. L. Zhang, Y. G. Meng, B. Li, J. Zhou, Y. C. Fan, P. Zhang, N. H. Shen, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Temperature-controlled chameleonlike cloak," Phys. Rev. X, Vol. 7, 011033, 2017. Google Scholar

9. Cheng, Q., T. J. Cui, W. X. Jiang, and B. G. Cai, "An omnidirectional electromagnetic absorber made of metamaterials," New J. Phys., Vol. 12, No. 6, 063006, 2010.
doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/063006 Google Scholar

10. Zhao, Q., Z. Q. Xiao, F. L. Zhang, J. M. Ma, M. Qiao, Y. G. Meng, C. W. Lan, B. Li, J. Zhou, P. Zhang, N. H. Shen, T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Tailorable zero-Phase delay of subwavelength particles toward miniaturized wave manipulation devices," Adv. Mater., Vol. 27, 6187, 2015.
doi:10.1002/adma.201502298 Google Scholar

11. Zhao, Q., L. Kang, B. Du, H. Zhao, Q. Xie, X. Huang, B. Li, J. Zhou, and L. Li, "Experimental demonstration of isotropic negative permeability in a three-dimensional dielectric composite," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 101, 027402, 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.027402 Google Scholar

12. Yang, X. M., X. Y. Zhou, Q. Cheng, H. F. Ma, and T. J. Cui, "Diffuse reflections by randomly gradient index metamaterials," Opt. Lett., Vol. 35, No. 6, 808-810, 2010.
doi:10.1364/OL.35.000808 Google Scholar

13. Kaelberer, T., V. A. Fedotov, N. Papasimakis, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, "Toroidal dipolar response in a metamaterial," Science, Vol. 330, No. 6010, 1510-1512, 2010.
doi:10.1126/science.1197172 Google Scholar

14. Guo, L. Y., M. H. Li, Q. W. Ye, B. X. Xiao, and H. L. Yang, "Electric toroidal dipole response in split-ring resonator metamaterials," Phys. Condens. Matter, Vol. 85, No. 6, 208-471, 2012. Google Scholar

15. Basharin, A. A., M. Kafesaki, E. N. Economou, C. M. Soukoulis, V. A. Fedotov, V. Savinov, and N. I. Zheludev, "Dielectric metamaterials with toroidal dipolar response," Phys. Rev. X, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1-11, 2015. Google Scholar

16. Xu, S., A. Sayanskiy, A. S. Kupriianov, V. R. Tuz, P. Kapitanova, H. Sun, W. Han, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Experimental observation of toroidal dipole modes in all-dielectric metasurfaces," Adv. Opt. Mater., Vol. 7, No. 4, 1801166, 2018.
doi:10.1002/adom.201801166 Google Scholar

17. Carobbi, C. F. M., L. M. Millanta, and L. Chiosi, "The high-frequency behavior of the shield in the magnetic-field probes," IEEE Int. Symp. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 1, 35-40, 2000. Google Scholar

18. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, Harper & Row, 1996.

Dr. Yingyi Qi

Dr. Zehua Gao

Dr. Chuwen Lan

Dr. Maopeng Wu

Prof. Qian Zhao