volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In order to obtain the analytical expression of the position of sparse array sensors under the condition of a given total array sensor number, a sparse array design method based on direct-connection of 4 uniform linear arrays (DCUA4) is proposed. By using the only known parameter of the total array sensor number, the sensor number and spacing parameters of four subarrays are obtained by mathematical operation, then the four subarrays are directly connected to realize the design of sparse array. It is proved that the aperture of the sparse array is large, and there are no holes. Because all the sensors are allocated to four subarrays, the number of small spacing sensor pairs in the array is controlled The performance of the proposed array is simulated based on the spatial smoothing MUSIC (SS-MUSIC) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed DCUA4 can produce a large virtual array aperture, realize high-precision direction of arrival (DOA) estimation under underdetermined conditions, and resist the influence of low mutual coupling.

1. Schmidt, R., "Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 34, No. 3, 276-280, 1986.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1986.1143830 Google Scholar

2. Roy, R. and T. Kailath, "ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 37, No. 7, 984-995, 1989.
doi:10.1109/29.32276 Google Scholar

3. Gupta, I. and A. Ksienski, "Effect of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 31, No. 5, 785-791, 1983.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1983.1143128 Google Scholar

4. Ma, W., T. Hsieh, and C. Chi, "DOA estimation of quasi-stationary signals with less sensors than sources and unknown spatial noise covariance: A Khatri-Rao subspace approach," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 58, No. 4, 2168-2180, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2009.2034935 Google Scholar

5. Vaidyanathan, P. P. and P. Pal, "Sparse sensing with co-prime samplers and arrays," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 59, No. 2, 573-586, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2010.2089682 Google Scholar

6. Moffet, A., "Minimum-redundancy linear arrays," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 16, No. 2, 172-175, 1968.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1968.1139138 Google Scholar

7. Vaidyanathan, P. P. and P. Pal, "Sparse sensing with co-prime samplers and arrays," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 59, No. 2, 573-586, 2011.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2010.2089682 Google Scholar

8. Pal, P. and P. P. Vaidyanathan, "Nested arrays: A novel approach to array processing with enhanced degrees of freedom," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 58, No. 8, 4167-4181, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2010.2049264 Google Scholar

9. Ren, S., W. Wang, and Z. Chen, "DOA estimation exploiting unified coprime array with multi-period subarrays," 2016 CIE International Conference on Radar (RADAR), 2016. Google Scholar

10. Raza, A., W. Liu, and Q. Shen, "Thinned coprime array for second-order difference co-array generation with reduced mutual coupling," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 67, No. 8, 2052-2065, 2019.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2019.2901380 Google Scholar

11. Zheng, W., X. Zhang, J. Li, and J. Shi, "Extensions of co-prime array for improved DOA estimation with hole filling strategy," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 21, No. 5, 6724-6732, 2021.
doi:10.1109/JSEN.2020.3036490 Google Scholar

12. Ma, P., J. Li, G. Zhao, and X. Zhang, "CAP-3 coprime array for DOA estimation with enhanced uniform degrees of freedom and reduced mutual coupling," IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 67, No. 8, 1872-1875, 2021.
doi:10.1109/LCOMM.2021.3057403 Google Scholar

13. Liu, J., Y. Zhang, Y. Lu, S. Ren, and S. Cao, "Augmented nested arrays with enhanced DOF and reduced mutual coupling," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 65, No. 21, 5549-5563, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2017.2736493 Google Scholar

14. Shan, T., M. Wax, and T. Kailath, "On spatial smoothing for direction-of-arrival estimation of coherent signals," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 33, No. 4, 806-811, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TASSP.1985.1164649 Google Scholar

15. Svantesson, T., "Mutual coupling compensation using subspace fitting," Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop. SAM 2000 (Cat. No.00EX410), 494-498, 2000.
doi:10.1109/SAM.2000.878058 Google Scholar

16. Liu, C. and P. P. Vaidyanathan, "Super nested arrays: Linear sparse arrays with reduced mutual coupling --- Part I: Fundamentals," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 64, No. 15, 3997-4012, 2016.
doi:10.1109/TSP.2016.2558159 Google Scholar

Dr. Liye Zhang

Dr. Weijia Cui

Dr. Chunxiao Jian

Dr. Bin Ba

Dr. Hao Li