volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer (SAIR) requires lots of antennas, receivers, and correlators to accurately reconstruct the brightness temperature (BT) distribution of the scene. Aiming to reduce the complexity of the hardware requirements in SAIR system while maintaining the image quality, a new optimal sparse reconstruction method is developed in this paper. Different from the existing imaging methods, the proposed method constructs the optimal receiving array with a few elements by evaluating the mutual coherence and the array factor of the sensing matrix in SAIR system, so as to achieve high-quality reconstruction of the BT image. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can reconstruct the BT image by solely using a few receivers with higher image fidelity than the competing methods.

1. Camps, A., J. Bara, I. C. Sanahuja, and F. Torres, "The processing of hexagonally sampled signals with standard rectangular techniques: Application to 2-D large aperture synthesis interferometric radiometers," IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 35, No. 1, 183-190, 1997.
doi:10.1109/36.551946 Google Scholar

2. McMullan, K. D., M. A. Brown, M. Martin-Neira, W. Rits, S. Ekholm, J. Matri, and J. Lemanczyk, "SMOS: The payload," IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 46, No. 3, 594-605, 2008.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.914809 Google Scholar

3. Gaier, T., P. Kangaslahti, B. Lambrigtsen, I. Ramos-Perez, A. Tanner, D. McKague, C. Ruf, M. Flynn, Z. Zhang, R. Backhus, and D. Austerberry, "A 180 GHz prototype for a geostationary microwave imager/sounder-GeoSTAR-III," 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2021-2023, 2016.
doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2016.7729521 Google Scholar

4. Kpré, E. L. and C. Decroze, "Passive coding technique applied to synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 14, No. 8, 1193-1197, 2017.
doi:10.1109/LGRS.2017.2700953 Google Scholar

5. Kpré, E. L. and C. Decroze, "Synthetic aperture interferometric imaging using a passive microwave coding device," 2016 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements Applications (CAMA), Oct. 23-27, 2016. Google Scholar

6. Kpré, E. L. and C. Decroze, "Passively coded synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer (CSAIR): Theory and measurement results," European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Mar. 23-27, 2017. Google Scholar

7. Wikner, D. A., A. R. Luukanen, V. Chauhan, K. Greene, and B. Floyd, "Code-modulated interferometric imaging system using phased arrays," Proc. SPIE, Vol. 9830, 98300D.1-98300D.8, 2016. Google Scholar

8. Zhang, C., H. Liu, L. Niu, and J. Wu, "System design and preliminary tests of an L-band clock scan microwave interferometric radiometer," 2017 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 715-718, 2017.
doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127052 Google Scholar

9. Zhang, C., H. Liu, L. Niu, and J. Wu, "CSMIR: An L-band clock scan microwave interferometric radiometer," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 1-9, 2018.
doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2837222 Google Scholar

10. Li, S., X. Zhou, B. Ren, H.-J. Sun, and X. Lv, "A compressive sensing approach for synthetic aperture imaging radiometers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 135, 583-599, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER12110603 Google Scholar

11. Wang, J., Z. Gao, J. Gu, S. Li, X. Zhang, Z. Dong, Z. Zhao, F. Jiang, B. Qi, and P. Xian, "A new passive imaging technique based on compressed sensing for synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 17, No. 11, 1938-1942, 2020.
doi:10.1109/LGRS.2019.2958033 Google Scholar

12. Zhang, Y., "A robust reweighted L1-minimization imaging algorithm for passive millimeter wave SAIR in near field," Sensors, Vol. 15, No. 10, 24945-24960, 2015.
doi:10.3390/s151024945 Google Scholar

13. Chen, J., Y. Li, J. Wang, and Y. Li, "A compressive sensing imaging algorithm for millimeter-wave synthetic aperture imaging radiometer in near-field," 2013 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, 972-974, 2013.
doi:10.1109/APMC.2013.6694993 Google Scholar

14. Corbella, I., N. Duffo, M. Vall-llossera, et al. "The visibility function in interferometric aperture synthesis radiometry," IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 42, No. 8, 1677-1682, Aug. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2004.830641 Google Scholar

15. Figueiredo, A. T., R. D. Nowak, and S. J. Wright, "Gradient projection for sparse reconstruction: Application to compressed sensing and other inverse problems," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol. 1, No. 4, 586-597, 2007.
doi:10.1109/JSTSP.2007.910281 Google Scholar

16. Candès, E. J. and M. Wakin, "An introduction to compressive sampling," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 25, No. 2, 21-30, Mar. 2008.
doi:10.1109/MSP.2007.914731 Google Scholar

17. Romberg, J., "Imaging via compressive sampling," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 25, No. 2, 14-20, 2008.
doi:10.1109/MSP.2007.914729 Google Scholar

18. Tropp, J. and A. Gilbert, "Signal recovery from random measurements via orthogonal matching pursuit," IEEE Trans. Information Theory, Vol. 53, No. 12, 4655-4666, Dec. 2007.
doi:10.1109/TIT.2007.909108 Google Scholar

19. Obermeier, R. and J. A. Martinez-Lorenzo, "Sensing matrix design via mutual coherence minimization for electromagnetic compressive imaging applications," IEEE Trans. on Computational Imaging, Vol. 3, No. 2, 217-229, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TCI.2017.2671398 Google Scholar

20. Wu, J., C. Zhang, H. Liu, and J. Yan, "Performance analysis of circular antenna array for microwave interferometric radiometers," IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 55, No. 6, 3261-3271, 2017.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2017.2667042 Google Scholar

Dr. Zilong Zhao

Dr. Zhongjian Fu

Dr. Jinguo Wang

Dr. Zhaozhao Gao

Dr. Jie Gu

Dr. Shiwen Li

Dr. Bo Qi

Dr. Fan Jiang