volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this design, a wideband circularly polarized slot antenna loaded with square ring is designed and validated. The square slot antenna is etched on an FR4 substrate with the calculated dimensions at the resonant frequency of 5 GHz. The square slot antenna is truncated in its corners to obtain two degenerative modes which are orthogonal to each other, and they are required to produce circular polarization. The truncation is optimized to obtain the circular polarization. The wide CP bandwidth is achieved by selectively spacing the degenerative modes far in frequencies and loading the ring on the slot antenna. The ring and the truncated slot antenna dimensions are optimized to achieve broad axial ratio bandwidth. The design is fabricated and experimentally verified. The measured impedance bandwidth of 47.53% is achieved at the center frequency of 5.68 GHz. The measured axial ratio bandwidth of 39.27% is obtained at the center frequency of 5.55 GHz. The peak gain of the antenna is 3.8 dBi with variation of 1-2 dBi over the entire bandwidth. The simulated radiation efficiency of more than 80% is obtained in the entire bandwidth with a cross polarization level of -20 dB with respect to co-polarization. The proposed design is compact and best suitable for NR46, NR47, NR79, N102, and N104 bands of 5G and C band wireless applications.

1. El Hammoumi, Mohamed, Faisel Tubbal, Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi, Panagiotis Ioannis Theoharis, Suhila Abulgasem, and Raad Raad, "A Wideband circularly polarized CPW-Fed printed monopole X-band antenna for CubeSat applications," IEEE Access, Vol. 11, 121077-121086, 2023.

2. Li, Chao, Fu-Shun Zhang, Fan Zhang, and Kaiwen Yang, "A wideband circularly polarized antenna with wide beamwidth for GNSS applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 84, 189-200, 2018.

3. Jagtap, S., Rajashree Thakare, and Rajiv Kumar Gupta, "Low profile, high gain and wideband circularly polarized antennas using hexagonal shape parasitic patches," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 95, 15-27, 2019.

4. Chaudhary, Prashant, Ashwani Kumar, and Avanish Yadav, "Pattern diversity MIMO 4G AND 5G wideband circularly polarized antenna with integrated LTE band for mobile handset," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 89, 111-120, 2020.

5. Wu, Rui, Jian-Hong Lin, Jian-Feng Li, and Fu-Chang Chen, "Wideband circularly polarized antenna with novel asymmetric y-shaped arms," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1181-1185, Apr. 2024.

6. Zhou, Qi Lei, Xi Chen, and Guang Fu, "A miniaturized wideband circularly polarized antenna based on tightly coupled monopole," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 6, 1864-1868, Jun. 2024.

7. Ding, Lijun, Xin Zhou, Yahong Liu, Wenyu Gao, Xin Yuan, Kun Song, Xuejian Gong, Yao Guo, Miguel Navarro-Cía, and Xiaopeng Zhao, "Polarization conversion metasurface enabled broadband circularly polarized patch antenna," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 66, No. 7, e34273, 2024.

8. Mao, Yunlong, Haonan Liu, Si Li, Minghui Zhu, and Shunqi Zhang, "A novel single-layer dual-band circularly polarized metasurface antenna for maritime communications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 66, No. 4, e34159, 2024.

9. Iqbal, Komal, Qasim Umar Khan, and Zubair Ahmed, "Compact high gain wideband circularly polarized non-uniform metasurface antenna through improved mode coupling," IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 5, No. 6, 1432-1439, Dec. 2024.

10. Zhang, Kai, Mariella Särestöniemi, Sami Myllymäki, Ping Jack Soh, Juan Chen, and Sen Yan, "A wideband circularly polarized antenna with metasurface plane for biomedical telemetry," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 6, 1879-1883, Jun. 2024.

11. Liu, Tian, Lu Liu, Hongzhi Chen, Haoyuan Sun, Zhejun Jin, Leonid F. Chernogor, Dmitriy O. Batrakov, and Zhongsen Sun, "A broadband circularly polarized antenna based on transparent conformal metasurface," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 22, No. 12, 3197-3201, Dec. 2023.

12. Chen, Wei Hao, Liang Hua Ye, Kang Ding, Fan Jiang, and Duo-Long Wu, "A broadband circularly polarized cp antenna using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 72, No. 12, 9143-9151, Dec. 2024.

13. Ye, Jingxin, Teng Li, Min Han, and Wenbin Dou, "Metasurface-inspired wideband circularly polarized antenna array in Ka-band using characteristic mode analysis," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 23, No. 1, 389-393, Jan. 2024.

14. Xia, Zuxue, Xin Xiong, Wenhai Xia, Xin Cao, Jiayuan Hu, and Rui Cheng, "Miniaturized wideband single-layer CP metasurface antenna using CPW-fed," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 67, No. 2, e70141, Feb. 2025.

15. Berro, Rim, Luca Persano, Marwan Jadid, Nhu Huan Nguyen, Christophe Delaveaud, Tan Phu Vuong, and Pascal Xavier, "Wide band circularly polarized antenna for GNSS signals detection," International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 1-6, 2025.

Mr. Nagidi Sivanagaraju

Dr. Manchikalapudi Satya Sai Ram