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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2026-06-09
Microwave Scattering from a Ship on a Sea Surface: Incoherent Matrix and Coherent Intensity Computed from Single and Double Bouncing PO and MoM -EPILE
By
Christophe Bourlier,

    Prof. Christophe Bourlier

    Nantes University

    France

    Homepage

Prisca Le Dily,

    Dr. Prisca Le Dily

    IETR and DEMR, ONERA

    Universite Paris Saclay

    France

    Homepage

Nicolas Pinel,

    Dr. Nicolas Pinel

    Icam Ouest

    France

    Homepage

Romain Bocheux

    Dr. Romain Bocheux

    DEMR, ONERA

    France

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 171, 144-155, 2026
doi:10.2528/PIERC26032308 | Google Scholar

Abstract
Scattering from a deterministic object in the presence of a randomly rough surface, such as a ship on a sea surface, can be characterized by statistical moments. Full-wave methods, such as the method of moments (MoM), provide accurate results but can be time-consuming. To account for both the gravity and capillary waves, a full sea spectrum is used, which constrains the consideration of a one-dimensional sea surface to include all roughness scales. Asymptotic methods are a good compromise between the computation time and accuracy of the results. In this study, the field scattered by a trapezoidal ship on a 1D sea surface is calculated by iterating the physical optics approximation and incorporating evanescent waves. In addition, the resulting closed-form expressions allow us to derive the associated coherent components analytically by considering a finite and infinite sea surface length. They are validated by comparison to the MoM combined with the extended propagation-insidelayer-expansion (EPILE) method, which can separate bounce orders. The results of the incoherent components, evaluated using a Monte Carlo process, are also shown by introducing a novel concept, based on the centered inter-correlation matrix between the single and double bounces, to quantify the different incoherent contributions. This concept highlights the ``backscattering enhancement'' phenomenon, only observed for a single rough surface with high slopes.
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Citation
Christophe Bourlier, Prisca Le Dily, Nicolas Pinel, and Romain Bocheux, "Microwave Scattering from a Ship on a Sea Surface: Incoherent Matrix and Coherent Intensity Computed from Single and Double Bouncing PO and MoM -EPILE," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 171, 144-155, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERC26032308
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