Search search
Publication Date
to
Vol. 139
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIERM 139 PIERM 138 PIERM 137 PIERM 136 PIERM 135 PIERM 134 PIERM 133 PIERM 132 PIERM 131 PIERM 130 PIERM 129 PIERM 128 PIERM 127 PIERM 126 PIERM 125 PIERM 124 PIERM 123 PIERM 122 PIERM 121 PIERM 120 PIERM 119 PIERM 118 PIERM 117 PIERM 116 PIERM 115 PIERM 114 PIERM 113 PIERM 112 PIERM 111 PIERM 110 PIERM 109 PIERM 108 PIERM 107 PIERM 106 PIERM 105 PIERM 104 PIERM 103 PIERM 102 PIERM 101 PIERM 100 PIERM 99 PIERM 98 PIERM 97 PIERM 96 PIERM 95 PIERM 94 PIERM 93 PIERM 92 PIERM 91 PIERM 90 PIERM 89 PIERM 88 PIERM 87 PIERM 86 PIERM 85 PIERM 84 PIERM 83 PIERM 82 PIERM 81 PIERM 80 PIERM 79 PIERM 78 PIERM 77 PIERM 76 PIERM 75 PIERM 74 PIERM 73 PIERM 72 PIERM 71 PIERM 70 PIERM 69 PIERM 68 PIERM 67 PIERM 66 PIERM 65 PIERM 64 PIERM 63 PIERM 62 PIERM 61 PIERM 60 PIERM 59 PIERM 58 PIERM 57 PIERM 56 PIERM 55 PIERM 54 PIERM 53 PIERM 52 PIERM 51 PIERM 50 PIERM 49 PIERM 48 PIERM 47 PIERM 46 PIERM 45 PIERM 44 PIERM 43 PIERM 42 PIERM 41 PIERM 40 PIERM 39 PIERM 38 PIERM 37 PIERM 36 PIERM 35 PIERM 34 PIERM 33 PIERM 32 PIERM 31 PIERM 30 PIERM 29 PIERM 28 PIERM 27 PIERM 26 PIERM 25 PIERM 24 PIERM 23 PIERM 22 PIERM 21 PIERM 20 PIERM 19 PIERM 18 PIERM 17 PIERM 16 PIERM 14 PIERM 13 PIERM 12 PIERM 11 PIERM 10 PIERM 9 PIERM 8 PIERM 7 PIERM 6 PIERM 5 PIERM 4 PIERM 3 PIERM 2 PIERM 1
All Journals
PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2026-07-20
Using Reverberation Chambers as Test Environments for mmWave Wireless Systems
By
Alfredo De Leo,

    Dr. Alfredo De Leo

    Department of Information Engineering

    Universita Politecnica delle Marche

    Italy

    Homepage

Luca Bastianelli,

    Dr. Luca Bastianelli

    DII --- Universita Politecnica delle Marche

    Italy

    Homepage

Valter Mariani Primiani,

    Prof. Valter Mariani Primiani

    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni

    Universita Politecnica delle Marche

    Italy

    Homepage

Davide Micheli,

    Dr. Davide Micheli

    TIM S.p.A.

    Italy

    Homepage

Renzo Lattanzi,

    Dr. Renzo Lattanzi

    Telecom Italia Mobile, TIM

    Italy

    Homepage

Pietro Obino,

    Dr. Pietro Obino

    Telecom Italia Mobile, TIM

    Italy

    Homepage

Max Moccia,

    Dr. Max Moccia

    Cambium Networks

    United Kingdom

    Homepage

Thirumaran Muthiah,

    Dr. Thirumaran Muthiah

    Cambium Networks

    United Kingdom

    Homepage

Riccardo Diamanti,

    Dr. Riccardo Diamanti

    FiberCop

    Italy

    Homepage

Franco Moglie

    Prof. Franco Moglie

    Department of Information Engineering

    Università Politecnica delle Marche

    Italy

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 139, 11-20, 2026
doi:10.2528/PIERM26050607 | Google Scholar

Abstract
This study presents millimeter-wave propagation measurements at 60 GHz conducted in a reverberation chamber to emulate realistic multipath-rich indoor environments. Both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios are investigated using commercial off-the-shelf devices. The impact of stirring conditions and lossy environments is evaluated through key performance indicators, including Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), and throughput. Results show that mechanical stirring speed and the placement of absorbing materials significantly affect channel characteristics and system performance. In NLOS conditions, multipath propagation dominates, where dynamic beamforming demonstrates improved robustness. In contrast, LOS scenarios are highly sensitive to blockage, leading to notable performance degradation. Overall, the findings confirm that the reverberation chamber is an effective platform for over-the-air testing and characterization of 60 GHz wireless systems, offering valuable insights into system behavior under complex indoor propagation conditions relevant to future 5G and 6G deployments.
Download Full Article (15) View Full Article volume
Citation
Alfredo De Leo, Luca Bastianelli, Valter Mariani Primiani, Davide Micheli, Renzo Lattanzi, Pietro Obino, Max Moccia, Thirumaran Muthiah, Riccardo Diamanti, and Franco Moglie, "Using Reverberation Chambers as Test Environments for mmWave Wireless Systems," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 139, 11-20, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERM26050607
References

1. Li, Yinzhou, Jie Yang, and Nirwan Ansari, "Cellular smartphone traffic and user behavior analysis," 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1326-1331, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2014.
doi:10.1109/ICC.2014.6883505

2. Xu, Hao, V. Kukshya, and T. S. Rappaport, "Spatial and temporal characteristics of 60-GHz indoor channels," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 20, No. 3, 620-630, 2002.
doi:10.1109/49.995521        Google Scholar

3. Wu, Xianyue, Cheng-Xiang Wang, Jian Sun, Jie Huang, Rui Feng, Yang Yang, and Xiaohu Ge, "60-GHz millimeter-wave channel measurements and modeling for indoor office environments," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 65, No. 4, 1912-1924, 2017.
doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2669721        Google Scholar

4. Hubrechsen, Anouk, Steven J. Verwer, Ad C. F. Reniers, Laurens A. Bronckers, and A. Bart Smolders, "Pushing the boundaries of antenna-efficiency measurements towards 6G in a mm-Wave reverberation chamber," 2021 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), 263-265, Antibes Juan-les-Pins, France, 2021.
doi:10.1109/CAMA49227.2021.9703514

5. Fall, Abdou Khadir, Philippe Besnier, Christophe Lemoine, Maxim Zhadobov, and Ronan Sauleau, "Design and experimental validation of a mode-stirred reverberation chamber at millimeter waves," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 57, No. 1, 12-21, 2015.
doi:10.1109/temc.2014.2356712        Google Scholar

6. Gifuni, Angelo, Horiya Khenouchi, and Gilda Schirinzi, "Performance of the reflectivity measurement in a reverberation chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 154, 87-100, 2015.
doi:10.2528/pier15072903        Google Scholar

7. Gradoni, Gabriele, Valter Mariani Primiani, and Franco Moglie, "Reverberation chamber as a multivariate process: FDTD evaluation of correlation matrix and independent positions," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 133, 217-234, 2013.
doi:10.2528/pier12091807        Google Scholar

8. Staniec, Kamil, "Evaluation of the ZigBee transmission repetition mechanism in the variably-loaded reverberation chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 132, 297-314, 2012.
doi:10.2528/pier12081308        Google Scholar

9. Pomianek, Adam J., Kamil Staniec, and Zbigniew Joskiewicz, "Practical remarks on measurement and simulation methods to emulate the wireless channel in the reverberation chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 105, 49-69, 2010.
doi:10.2528/pier10022605        Google Scholar

10. Chen, Xiaoming, "Measurements and evaluations of multi-element antennas based on limited channel samples in a reverberation chamber," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 131, 45-62, 2012.
doi:10.2528/pier12071201        Google Scholar

11. Soh, Ping Jack, Stephen J. Boyes, Guy Vandenbosch, Yi Huang, and Soo Liam Ooi, "On-body characterization of dual-band all-textile PIFA," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 129, 517-539, 2012.
doi:10.2528/pier12052408        Google Scholar

12. Duan, Siqi, Weimin Wang, Bihua Tang, Yongle Wu, and Yuanan Liu, "A review of over-the-air testing methods for performance measurement of antennas and devices in communication systems," International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 2024, No. 1, 6660144, 2024.
doi:10.1155/2024/6660144        Google Scholar

13. Arnaut, Luk R., Franco Moglie, Luca Bastianelli, and Valter Mariani Primiani, "Helical stirring for enhanced low-frequency performance of reverberation chambers," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1016-1026, 2017.
doi:10.1109/temc.2016.2641386        Google Scholar

14. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) --- Part 4-21: Testing and measurement techniques - Reverberation chamber test methods, IEC, Geneva, Switzerland, 2011.

15. Bastianelli, Luca, Luca Giacometti, Valter Mariani Primiani, and Franco Moglie, "Effect of absorber number and positioning on the power delay profile of a reverberation chamber," 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), 422-427, Dresden, Germany, 2015.
doi:10.1109/ISEMC.2015.7256199

16. De Leo, Alfredo, Paola Russo, and Valter Mariani Primiani, "Emulation of the rician K-factor of 5G propagation in a source stirred reverberation chamber," Electronics, Vol. 12, No. 1, 58, 2023.
doi:10.3390/electronics12010058        Google Scholar

17. Bastianelli, L., R. Diamanti, E. Colella, V. Mariani Primiani, F. Moglie, M. A. Toubal, M. Odit, J.-B. Gros, Y. Nasser, G. Lerosey, et al. "Measurements of reconfigurable intelligent surface in 5G system within a reverberation chamber at MmWave," 2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1-4, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 2024.
doi:10.23919/EuCAP60739.2024.10501507

18. Barazzetta, Massimo, Davide Micheli, Luca Bastianelli, Riccardo Diamanti, Matteo Totta, Pietro Obino, Renzo Lattanzi, Franco Moglie, and Valter Mariani Primiani, "A comparison between different reception diversity schemes of a 4G-LTE base station in reverberation chamber: A deployment in a live cellular network," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 59, No. 6, 2029-2037, 2017.
doi:10.1109/temc.2017.2657122        Google Scholar

19. Micheli, Davide, Massimo Barazzetta, Camillo Carlini, Riccardo Diamanti, Valter Mariani Primiani, and Franco Moglie, "Testing of the carrier aggregation mode for a live LTE base station in reverberation chamber," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 66, No. 4, 3024-3033, 2017.
doi:10.1109/tvt.2016.2587662        Google Scholar

20. Pasternack "Wr-15 waveguide standard gain horn antenna," https://www.pasternack.com/single-antenna-operates-from-50-75-ghz-with-a-nominal-dbi-gain-wr-15-input-connectors-pe9881-24-p.aspx, 2026.

21. Holloway, Christopher L., David A. Hill, John M. Ladbury, Perry F. Wilson, Galen Koepke, and Jason Coder, "On the use of reverberation chambers to simulate a Rician radio environment for the testing of wireless devices," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 11, 3167-3177, 2006.
doi:10.1109/tap.2006.883987        Google Scholar

22. Doukas, Athanasios and Grigorios Kalivas, "Rician K factor estimation for wireless communication systems," 2006 International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC'06), 69-69, Bucharest, Romania, 2006.
doi:10.1109/ICWMC.2006.81

23. Zhu, Shaozhen, Tahereh S. Ghazaany, Steven M. R. Jones, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Jimes M. Noras, Tyler Van Buren, Jonathan Wilson, Tim Suggett, and Simon Marker, "Probability distribution of rician K-factor in urban, suburban and rural areas using real-world captured data," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 62, No. 7, 3835-3839, 2014.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2014.2318072        Google Scholar

24. Medawar, Samer, Peter Händel, and Per Zetterberg, "Ricean K-factor estimation and investigation of urban wireless measurements," 2012 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS), 1-4, Maui, HI, USA, 2012.
doi:10.1109/ICWITS.2012.6417686

25. Holloway, C. L., M. G. Cotton, and P. McKenna, "A model for predicting the power delay profile characteristics inside a room," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 48, No. 4, 1110-1120, 1999.
doi:10.1109/25.775360        Google Scholar

26. Pomianek, Adam J., Kamil Staniec, and Zbigniew Jóskiewicz, "On the use of reverberation chamber to simulate the power delay profile of a wireless channels," 9th International Symposium on EMC Joint with 20th International Wroclaw Symposium on EMC, EMC Europe 2010, 245-249, Wroclaw, Poland, 2010.
doi:10.23919/EMC.2010.10826187

27. Cambium Networks "60 GHz cnWave V1000 Client Node," https://www.cambiumnetworks.com/products/cnwave/60-ghz-cnwave-v1000/, 2025.

28. "60 GHz cnWave V5000 Server Node," https://www.cambiumnetworks.com/products/cnwave/60-ghz-cnwave-v5000/, 2025.

29. Recanatini, Renzo, Franco Moglie, and Valter Mariani Primiani, "Performance and immunity evaluation of complete WLAN systems in a large reverberation chamber," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 55, No. 5, 806-815, Oct. 2013.
doi:10.1109/temc.2013.2239636        Google Scholar

30. Micheli, Davide, Massimo Barazzetta, Franco Moglie, and Valter Mariani Primiani, "Power boosting and compensation during OTA testing of a real 4G LTE base station in reverberation chamber," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 57, No. 4, 623-634, 2015.
doi:10.1109/temc.2015.2434277        Google Scholar

Download Full Article (15) View Full Article volume


The EM Academy piers.org jpier.org Who's Who in EM
Copyright © 2022 The Electromagnetics Academy. All Rights Reserved.