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2026-06-18
High-Accuracy Dual-Split-Ring-Resonator Microwave Sensor for Permittivity Characterization and Defect Detection in Solid Materials
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 138, 75-86, 2026
Abstract
This research proposes a microwave sensor based on a dual-split-ring-resonator (DSRR) structure designed for the detection of the permittivity of solid samples and defective materials. The DSRR structure was chosen because it has a high-quality factor Q, is highly sensitive to changes in permittivity, and is easy to integrate into a planar substrate. The designed sensor is fabricated using a Rogers RO5880 substrate having a dielectric constant εr of 2.2, tanδ of 0.0009, and a substrate thickness h of 1.58; the sensor operates in the frequency range of 1 GHz-2 GHz and adopts a dual-port configuration by observing changes in the transmission parameter S21. The measurements used the perturbation theory method, where the resonance frequency shift occurs when a material is inserted into the sensor area. This sensor area is defined as the location of maximum electric field concentration within the resonator. Polynomial equations are derived for measurements on dielectric materials with known permittivity values ranging from 1 to 9.8. The proposed sensor demonstrates high performance, with a measured accuracy of 99.6%, a normalized sensitivity of 2.6%, and a frequency detection resolution (FDR) of 0.026 GHz. These results indicate that the sensor using the DSRR method with hole integration offers reliable and precise permittivity detection, particularly for detecting defects in materials.
Citation
Tata Setiawan, Syah Alam, Indra Surjati, Lydia Sari, Yuli Kurnia Ningsih, Teguh Firmansyah, Yohanes Galih Adhiyoga, Juliano Katrib, and Zahriladha Zakaria, "High-Accuracy Dual-Split-Ring-Resonator Microwave Sensor for Permittivity Characterization and Defect Detection in Solid Materials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 138, 75-86, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERM26043004
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