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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters PIER Photonics
2026-07-09
A Miniaturized Circularly Polarized Antenna with Embedded Metasurface Patches
By
Xu Tan,

    Dr. Xu Tan

    School of Electrical and Information Engineering

    Anhui University of Science and Technology

    China

    Homepage

Han Lin,

    Professor Han Lin

    School of Electrical and Information Engineering

    Anhui University of Science and Technology

    China

    Homepage

Zhonggen Wang,

    Professor Zhonggen Wang

    College of Electrical and Information Engineering

    Anhui University of Science and Technology

    China

    Homepage

Wenyan Nie

    Professor Wenyan Nie

    College of Mechanical Electrical Engineering

    Huainan Normal University

    China

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 139, 1-10, 2026
doi:10.2528/PIERM26050602 | Google Scholar

Abstract
This study proposes a high-performance miniaturized wideband circularly polarized (CP) metasurface (MTS) antenna for WLAN and 5 GHz wireless communication systems. The design innovatively utilizes a hybrid embedded structure, where regular octagonal patches are incorporated into the gaps of modified X-shaped primary radiating elements to increase edge capacitance and lower resonant frequency, thereby achieving antenna miniaturization. To effectively excite the orthogonal degenerate modes required for CP radiation, a characteristic mode analysis (CMA) was employed to guide the design of the feed network. A feeding structure consisting of a hook-shaped microstrip line and a symmetrical stepped cross-slot is designed to achieve CP excitation via a 90˚ phase delay introduced by path length differences. Measured results demonstrate that the antenna achieves a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 34.2% (4.38-6.19 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 23.9% (4.68-5.95 GHz). Regarding radiation characteristics, the radiation efficiency remained stable above 75%, and the peak realized gain reached 5.26 dBic. The experimental results verified that the proposed design achieved stable CP and radiation performance within a miniaturized footprint.
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Citation
Xu Tan, Han Lin, Zhonggen Wang, and Wenyan Nie, "A Miniaturized Circularly Polarized Antenna with Embedded Metasurface Patches," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 139, 1-10, 2026.
doi:10.2528/PIERM26050602
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