1. Bassett, C. A., "Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields," J. Cell. Biochem., Vol. 51, 387-393, 1993.
2. Walker, N., C. Denegar and J. Preische, "Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic field in the treatment of tibial fractures: A systematic review," J. Athl. Train., Vol. 42, 530-535, 2007.
3. Liboff, A. R., T. Williams, Jr., D. M. Strong, R. Wistar, and Jr., "Timevarying magnetic fields: Effect on the DNA synthesis," Science, Vol. 223, 818-819, 1984.
doi:10.1126/science.6695183
4. Ozawa, H., E. Abe, Y. Shibasaki, T. Fukuhara, and T. Suda, "Electric fields stimulate DNA synthesis of mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) by a mechanism involving calcium ions," J. Cell. Physiol., Vol. 138, 477-483, 1989.
doi:10.1002/jcp.1041380306
5. Diniz, P., K. Shomura, K. Soejima, and G. Ito, "Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation on bone tissue like formation are dependent on the maturation stages of the osteoblasts ," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 23, 398-405, 2002.
doi:10.1002/bem.10032
6. De Mattei, M., N. Gagliano, C. Moscheni, C. Dellavia, C. Calastrini, A. Pellati, M. Gioia, A. Caruso, and G. Stabellini, "Changes in polyamines, c-myc and c-fos gene expression in osteoblast-like cells exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 26, 207-214, 2005.
doi:10.1002/bem.20068
7. Icaro Cornaglia, A., M. Casasco, F. Riva, A. Farina, L. Fassina, L. Visai, and A. Casasco, "Stimulation of osteoblast growth by an electromagnetic field in a model of bone-like construct," Eur. J. Histochem., Vol. 50, 199-204, 2006.
8. Takano-Yamamoto, T., M. Kawakami, and M. Sakuda, "Effect of a pulsing electromagnetic field on demineralized bone-matrix-induced bone formation in a bony defect in the premaxilla of rats," J. Dent. Res., Vol. 71, 1920-1925, 1992.
doi:10.1177/00220345920710121301
9. Hartig, M., U. Joos, and H. P. Wiesmann, "Capacitively coupled electric fields accelerate proliferation of osteoblast-like primary cells and increase bone extracellular matrix formation in vitro," Eur. Biophys. J., Vol. 29, 499-506, 2000.
doi:10.1007/s002490000100
10. Landry, P. S., K. K. Sadasivan, A. A. Marino, and J. A. Albright, "Electromagnetic fields can affect osteogenesis by increasing the rate of differentiation," Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 262-270, 1997.
doi:10.1097/00003086-199705000-00035
11. Yamamoto, Y., Y. Ohsaki, T. Goto, A. Nakasima, and T. Iijima, "Effects of static magnetic fields on bone formation in rat osteoblast cultures ," J. Dent. Res., Vol. 82, 962-966, 2003.
doi:10.1177/154405910308201205
12. Aaron, R. K. and D. M. Ciombor, "Acceleration of experimental endochondral ossification by biophysical stimulation of the progenitor cell pool ," J. Orthop. Surg., Vol. 14, 582-589, 1996.
13. Aaron, R. K., D. M. Ciombor, and G. Jolly, "Stimulation of experimental endochondral ossification by low-energy pulsing electromagnetic fields," J. Bone Miner. Res., Vol. 4, 227-233, 1989.
doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650040215
14. McLeod, K. J. and L. Collazo, "Suppression of a differentiation response in MC-3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells by sustained, low-level, 30 Hz magnetic-field exposure," Radiat. Res., Vol. 153, 706-714, 2000.
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0706:SOADRI]2.0.CO;2
15. Lohmann, C. H., Z. Schwartz, Y. Liu, H. Guerkov, D. D. Dean, B. Simon, and B. D. Boyan, "Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells affects differentiation and local factor production," J. Orthop. Res., Vol. 18, 637-646, 2000.
doi:10.1002/jor.1100180417
16. Lohmann, C. H., Z. Schwartz, Y. Liu, Z. Li, B. J. Simon, V. L. Sylvia, D. D. Dean, L. F. Bonewald, H. J. Donahue, and B. D. Boyan, "Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect phenotype and connexin 43 protein expression in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells and ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells," J. Orthop. Res., Vol. 21, 326-334, 2003.
doi:10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00137-7
17. Chang, W. H., L. T. Chen, J. S. Sun, and F. H. Lin, "Effect of pulse-burst electromagnetic field stimulation on osteoblast cell activities," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 25, 457-465, 2004.
doi:10.1002/bem.20016
18. Cohly, H. H., G. E. Abraham, K. Ndebele, J. J. Jenkins, J. Thompson, and M. F. Angel, "Effects of static electromagnetic fields on characteristics of MG-63 osteoblasts grown in culture," Biomed. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 39, 454-459, 2003.
19. Hannay, G., D. Leavesley, and M. Pearcy, "Timing of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation does not affect the promotion of bone cell development," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 26, 670-676, 2005.
doi:10.1002/bem.20166
20. T., M. Alvarez-Folgueiras, J. Leiro, F. J. Jorge-Barreiro, F. J. Ares-Pena, Jorge-Mora and E. Lopez-Martin, "Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation provokes cerebral changes in induction of hsp-90 a/b heat shock protein in rat," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 100, 351-379, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER09102804