volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

To investigate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) with high electric field intensity on bone formation in murine osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, proliferation, alkaline phosphotase (ALP) activity, mineralized nodule formation, Collagen Type I (COL-I) and core-binding factor (Cbf)a1 mRNA expression, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/4 and mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)1/5/8 protein expression were examined in cultured MC3T3-E1 cells after exposure to PEMF at the field intensities of 0kV/m, 50kV/m or 400kV/m for 400 consecutive pulses daily for 7 consecutive days. After 50 kV/m of PEMF exposure, none of the above parameters of MC3T3-E1 cells changed significantly when compared to the control groups. However, the proliferation, ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation of MC3T3-E1 cells in 400 kV/m PEMF exposure groups decreased significantly although COL-I and Cbfa1 mRNA expression and BMP2/4 and Smad1/5/8 protein expression did not change. The PEMF we used at high electric field intensity suppressed proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells in culture and appeared to be harmful for bone formation.

1. Bassett, C. A., "Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields," J. Cell. Biochem., Vol. 51, 387-393, 1993. Google Scholar

2. Walker, N., C. Denegar and J. Preische, "Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic field in the treatment of tibial fractures: A systematic review," J. Athl. Train., Vol. 42, 530-535, 2007. Google Scholar

3. Liboff, A. R., T. Williams, Jr., D. M. Strong, R. Wistar, and Jr., "Timevarying magnetic fields: Effect on the DNA synthesis," Science, Vol. 223, 818-819, 1984.
doi:10.1126/science.6695183 Google Scholar

4. Ozawa, H., E. Abe, Y. Shibasaki, T. Fukuhara and T. Suda, "Electric fields stimulate DNA synthesis of mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) by a mechanism involving calcium ions," J. Cell. Physiol., Vol. 138, 477-483, 1989.
doi:10.1002/jcp.1041380306 Google Scholar

5. Diniz, P., K. Shomura, K. Soejima and G. Ito, "Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation on bone tissue like formation are dependent on the maturation stages of the osteoblasts ," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 23, 398-405, 2002.
doi:10.1002/bem.10032 Google Scholar

6. De Mattei, M., N. Gagliano, C. Moscheni, C. Dellavia, C. Calastrini, A. Pellati, M. Gioia, A. Caruso and G. Stabellini, "Changes in polyamines, c-myc and c-fos gene expression in osteoblast-like cells exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 26, 207-214, 2005.
doi:10.1002/bem.20068 Google Scholar

7. Icaro Cornaglia, A., M. Casasco, F. Riva, A. Farina, L. Fassina, L. Visai and A. Casasco, "Stimulation of osteoblast growth by an electromagnetic field in a model of bone-like construct," Eur. J. Histochem., Vol. 50, 199-204, 2006. Google Scholar

8. Takano-Yamamoto, T., M. Kawakami and M. Sakuda, "Effect of a pulsing electromagnetic field on demineralized bone-matrix-induced bone formation in a bony defect in the premaxilla of rats," J. Dent. Res., Vol. 71, 1920-1925, 1992.
doi:10.1177/00220345920710121301 Google Scholar

9. Hartig, M., U. Joos and H. P. Wiesmann, "Capacitively coupled electric fields accelerate proliferation of osteoblast-like primary cells and increase bone extracellular matrix formation in vitro," Eur. Biophys. J., Vol. 29, 499-506, 2000.
doi:10.1007/s002490000100 Google Scholar

10. Landry, P. S., K. K. Sadasivan, A. A. Marino and J. A. Albright, "Electromagnetic fields can affect osteogenesis by increasing the rate of differentiation," Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., 262-270, 1997.
doi:10.1097/00003086-199705000-00035 Google Scholar

11. Yamamoto, Y., Y. Ohsaki, T. Goto, A. Nakasima and T. Iijima, "Effects of static magnetic fields on bone formation in rat osteoblast cultures ," J. Dent. Res., Vol. 82, 962-966, 2003.
doi:10.1177/154405910308201205 Google Scholar

12. Aaron, R. K. and D. M. Ciombor, "Acceleration of experimental endochondral ossification by biophysical stimulation of the progenitor cell pool ," J. Orthop. Surg., Vol. 14, 582-589, 1996. Google Scholar

13. Aaron, R. K., D. M. Ciombor and G. Jolly, "Stimulation of experimental endochondral ossification by low-energy pulsing electromagnetic fields," J. Bone Miner. Res., Vol. 4, 227-233, 1989.
doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650040215 Google Scholar

14. McLeod, K. J. and L. Collazo, "Suppression of a differentiation response in MC-3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells by sustained, low-level, 30 Hz magnetic-field exposure," Radiat. Res., Vol. 153, 706-714, 2000.
doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0706:SOADRI]2.0.CO;2 Google Scholar

15. Lohmann, C. H., Z. Schwartz, Y. Liu, H. Guerkov, D. D. Dean, B. Simon and B. D. Boyan, "Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells affects differentiation and local factor production," J. Orthop. Res., Vol. 18, 637-646, 2000.
doi:10.1002/jor.1100180417 Google Scholar

16. Lohmann, C. H., Z. Schwartz, Y. Liu, Z. Li, B. J. Simon, V. L. Sylvia, D. D. Dean, L. F. Bonewald, H. J. Donahue and B. D. Boyan, "Pulsed electromagnetic fields affect phenotype and connexin 43 protein expression in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells and ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells," J. Orthop. Res., Vol. 21, 326-334, 2003.
doi:10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00137-7 Google Scholar

17. Chang, W. H., L. T. Chen, J. S. Sun and F. H. Lin, "Effect of pulse-burst electromagnetic field stimulation on osteoblast cell activities," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 25, 457-465, 2004.
doi:10.1002/bem.20016 Google Scholar

18. Cohly, H. H., G. E. Abraham, K. Ndebele, J. J. Jenkins, J. Thompson and M. F. Angel, "Effects of static electromagnetic fields on characteristics of MG-63 osteoblasts grown in culture," Biomed. Sci. Instrum., Vol. 39, 454-459, 2003. Google Scholar

19. Hannay, G., D. Leavesley and M. Pearcy, "Timing of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation does not affect the promotion of bone cell development," Bioelectromagnetics, Vol. 26, 670-676, 2005.
doi:10.1002/bem.20166 Google Scholar

20. T., M. Alvarez-Folgueiras, J. Leiro, F. J. Jorge-Barreiro, F. J. Ares-Pena, Jorge-Mora and E. Lopez-Martin, "Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation provokes cerebral changes in induction of hsp-90 a/b heat shock protein in rat," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 100, 351-379, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER09102804 Google Scholar

Dr. Kangchu Li

Dr. Yanping Hui

Dr. Shirong Ma

Dr. Guirong Ding

Dr. Yao Guo

Dr. Junye Liu

Dr. Yurong Li

Professor Guozhen Guo