Vol. 129
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2012-07-16
PIER
Vol. 129, 579-601, 2012
download: 133
Performance Analysis of Polarization-Space-Time Three-Domain Joint Processing for Clutter Suppression in Airborne Radar
Dijun Wu Zhenhai Xu Liang Zhang Ziyuan Xiong Shunping Xiao
An optimum polarization-space-time joint domain processing (PST-JDP) technique is proposed for clutter suppression which adequately adopts the three-domain information including the polarization, space and Doppler frequency information of the radar echo. The study shows that the polarization information together with the space and Doppler frequency information are effective to significantly enhance the clutter suppression performance for airborne radar. Several new techniques, (i.e., the covariance matrix eigendecomposition, the spectral analysis and the resolution grid method), are utilized for deriving the performance of the optimum PST-JDP. The main factors which affect on the performance of clutter rejection are the clutter degree of polarization, statistical distance of polarization between target and clutter, Doppler frequency of target and input clutter-to-noise ratio. The new optimum PST-JDP method outperforms significantly the traditional optimum space-time processing technology, especially in the case of the slowly or tangentially moving target. The simulation verifies the correctness and efficiency of the model.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF POLARIZATION-SPACE-TIME THREE-DOMAIN JOINT PROCESSING FOR CLUTTER SUPPRESSION IN AIRBORNE RADAR
2012-07-13
PIER
Vol. 129, 559-578, 2012
download: 237
The Use of Dielectric Mixture Equations to Analyze the Dielectric Properties of a Mixture of Rubber Tire Dust and Rice Husks in a Microwave Absorber
Ee Meng Cheng Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek Manjur Ahmed You Kok Yeow Kim Yee Lee Hassan Nornikman
A change in the relative proportions of a mixture of rubber tire dust and rice husks will cause a change in the mixture's electrical permittivity and its ability to absorb electromagnetic energy. An open-ended, coaxial probe was used in conjunction with three dielectric mixture equations (the Kraszewski equation, the Landau equation and the Lichtenecker equation) to obtain the dielectric properties of a mixture of rubber tire dust and rice husks (RTDRH) over the frequency range of 7 GHz to 13 GHz. Lichtenecker's equation for dielectrics proved to be a useful practical formulation for determining the effective permittivity of homogeneous dielectric mixtures. The effectiveness of these dielectric mixture equations in determining the effective permittivity of RTDRH was investigated in this study. A newly developed mixture equation was derived based on these dielectric mixture equations, and it and the existing equations were assessed to determine their effectiveness in determining dielectric properties of such mixtures.
THE USE OF DIELECTRIC MIXTURE EQUATIONS TO ANALYZE THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF A MIXTURE OF RUBBER TIRE DUST AND RICE HUSKS IN A MICROWAVE ABSORBER
2012-07-12
PIER
Vol. 129, 541-558, 2012
download: 134
An Experimental Multi-Frequency System for Studying Dosimetry and Acute Effects on Cell and Nuclear Morphology in Rat Tissues
Alberto López-Furelos Maria del Mar Miñana-Maiques Jose Manuel Leiro-Vidal Juan Antonio Rodríguez-Gonzalez Francisco Ares-Pena Maria Elena Lopez-Martin
Simultaneous exposure to multiple electromagnetic signals with widely differing carrier frequencies is a reality of daily life, but its possible effects on health are unknown. In this study we exposed rats to non-thermal levels of 900 and 2450 MHz TEM-mode radiation, applied individually or simultaneously, and we obtained estimates of 1 g mean SAR (specific absorption rate) in various tissues using a numerical model of the rat and finite-difference time-domain software. The experimental system comprised a GTEM (gigahertz TEM) chamber connected to two vector signal generators, a signal mixer and amplifier, a directional coupler, a spectrum analyzer and a power meter. Tissue sections from rats sacrificed 24 h after exposure, and from negative controls and positive controls exposed to gamma radiation, were stained with haematoxylin-eosin for evaluation of general cell morphology and with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) for evaluation of apoptosis. Lesions, tissue destruction and apoptosis were only observed in positive controls. The results for rats exposed to either frequency, or to both simultaneously, were similar to those of unexposed negative controls. It remains to determine whether chronic exposure is similarly innocuous.
AN EXPERIMENTAL MULTI-FREQUENCY SYSTEM FOR STUDYING DOSIMETRY AND ACUTE EFFECTS ON CELL AND NUCLEAR MORPHOLOGY IN RAT TISSUES
2012-07-11
PIER
Vol. 129, 517-539, 2012
download: 204
On-Body Characterization of Dual-Band All-Textile PIFA
Ping Jack Soh Stephen J. Boyes Guy Vandenbosch Yi Huang Soo Liam Ooi
The introduction of various wearable textile radiators facilitates the realization of a fully wearable electronic system. However, the human body itself poses a serious fundamental challenge to its realization, mainly due to electromagnetic interaction with radiators placed in its proximity. Thus antenna performance in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, radiation pattern and efficiency is expected to be severely influenced during on-body deployment. Besides addressing the need for a systematic on body evaluation procedure, this work presents an in-depth discussion on the measured degradation relative to free space operation. Considering a practical deployment scenario, the two antenna designs are first optimized in proximity of a human-emulating box using a commercial simulator. ShieldIt textile is chosen to build the antenna's conductive components, and this prototype is then benchmarked against another similarly dimensioned prototype constructed using conductively-homogeneous copper foil. For each material, two dual-band prototypes are fabricated, one resonating at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz, and the other at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Two realistic on-body deployment locations are chosen to be investigated, on the chest and back, considering two antenna orientations - one radiating away from the user, and the other radiating along the body. Free space and on-body reflection coefficient, bandwidth and radiation pattern are evaluated for each prototype in an anechoic chamber, while a reverberation chamber is utilized to determine their efficiency. All measurements were carried out using consistently the same human volunteer. Evaluations show that coupling distance and conductivity are the main factors in determining efficiency rather than on-body location, given that evaluations are carried out while the antenna keeps its planar form.
ON-BODY CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL-BAND ALL-TEXTILE PIFA
2012-07-11
PIER
Vol. 129, 485-515, 2012
download: 155
Field Approach in the Transformation Optics Concept
Andrey V. Novitsky Sergei V. Zhukovsky Leonid M. Barkovsky Andrei V. Lavrinenko
An alternative, field-based formulation of transformation optics is proposed. Field transformations are expressed in the language of boundary conditions for the electromagnetic fields facilitated through the introduction of generalized potential functions. It is shown that the field-based approach is equivalent to the conventional coordinate-transformation approach but is preferable when looking for specific field distribution. A set of example devices such as invisibility cloaks, concentrators, rotators, and transformation optics lenses capable of creating light beams with predetermined field distribution (e.g., Gaussian and sinusoidal) is studied to validate the effectiveness of the field-based formulation. As for the boundary conditions for the cloaked region the absence of the normal component of the Poynting vector is justified. In the frames of the field-based approach the physical reasons behind infinite components (singularities) of the material parameters of transformation optics devices are straightforwardly revealed.
FIELD APPROACH IN THE TRANSFORMATION OPTICS CONCEPT
2012-07-10
PIER
Vol. 129, 469-483, 2012
download: 191
Bandwidth Enhancement of LTE/WWAN Printed Mobile Phone Antenna Using Slotted Ground Structure
Zhi Chen Yong-Ling Ban Jin-Hua Chen Joshua Le-Wei Li Yu-Jiang Wu
In this article, a coupled-fed planar printed antenna mounted on the compact no-ground portion of the system circuit board of a mobile phone with a low profile of 10\,mm is proposed and studied. The presented antenna is formed by a double-branch feeding strip, a shorted coupling strip with two open-ended loops of different lengths, and a slotted ground structure consisting of two monopole slots, yet it has a size only 15×50 mm2. Two wide operating bandwidths of 698--960\,MHz and 1710-2690 MHz can be achieved by these radiating strips, which provide multiple resonant modes at about 750, 1000, 1750, 2300 and 2900 MHz. In addition, with the presence of the two narrow slots and a chip inductor (L = 1.5 nH), in this study, the printed antenna can lead to much widened bandwidths in both the antenna's lower and upper bands to cover LTE700/GSM850/900 and DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500, respectively. Good radiation efficiency and antenna gain for frequencies over the desired operating bands are obtained. Detailed design considerations of the proposed antenna are described, and both experimental and simulated results are also presented and discussed.
BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF LTE/WWAN PRINTED MOBILE PHONE ANTENNA USING SLOTTED GROUND STRUCTURE
2012-07-03
PIER
Vol. 129, 439-467, 2012
download: 233
Designing Asian-Sized Hand Model for SAR Determination at GSM900/1800: Simulation Part
Suzanna Harun Ronald Mohd Fareq Bin Abd Malek Syed Idris Syed Hassan Ee Meng Cheng Mohd Hafizuddin Mat Muhammad Solihin Zulkefli Siti Fazlina Binti Maharimi
A simple geometrical Asian-hand model with human tissue properties posed at two common talk-mode positions is proposed for comparative study. The newly designed hand is formed by measuring adult female hand at open-hand position before being posed into the presented styles. Four human hand tissues are included; skin, bone, muscle, and tendon, and also three homogeneous set of hands using specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) hand phantom dielectric properties. A candy-bar type mobile phone with Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) is used to radiate dual-band frequency of GSM900/1800 in the vicinity of the SAM head phantom. The mobile phone casing is made out of plastic and only two components were considered: the FR-4 ground plane and PIFA. The specific absorption rate (SAR) averaged over a mass of 10 gram and 1gram is calculated after obtaining the power loss density and electric field value from simulation in CST Studio Suite 2011. The SAR and return loss results of six hand structures, including the SAM hand phantom are compared. The antenna performance with the inclusion of hand does not decrease as much as 1800 MHz in 900 MHz range, but absorbs energy more in the hands for 1800MHz compared to 900 MHz SAR values.
DESIGNING ASIAN-SIZED HAND MODEL FOR SAR DETERMINATION AT GSM900/1800: SIMULATION PART
2012-06-28
PIER
Vol. 129, 421-437, 2012
download: 289
A Wideband CMOS Current-Mode Down-Conversion Mixer for Multi-Standard Receivers
Qiuzhen Wan Chunhua Wang
This paper presents a low voltage wideband down-conversion mixer using current-mode approach for multi-standard receivers. The proposed mixer uses a current mirror amplifier with an embedded passive switching core to achieve mixing function, which can combine the advantages of active and passive mixers simultaneously. The mixer is implemented using a 0.18 μm CMOS technology and covers frequency band from 0.5 GHz to 4.0 GHz. A comparison with conventional CMOS down-conversion mixer shows that this current-mode mixer has advantages of large conversion gain, low noise figure and high linearity. Over the entire bandwidth, the mixer features a conversion gain of 8.0~8.7 dB, a double-sideband (DSB) noise figure of 6.7~9.1 dB and an input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of 1.5~5.2 dBm, while consuming 8 mA from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The mixer occupies the active area of 0.43×0.46 mm2 including testing pads.
A WIDEBAND CMOS CURRENT-MODE DOWN-CONVERSION MIXER FOR MULTI-STANDARD RECEIVERS
2012-06-28
PIER
Vol. 129, 405-420, 2012
download: 142
Resolving Phase Ambiguity in the Inverse Problem of Reflection-Only Measurement Methods
Ugur Cem Hasar Joaquim Jose Barroso Cumali Sabah Yunus Kaya
We have applied the phase unwrapping technique to resolve the phase ambiguity problem arising from complex expressions of scattering parameters, for reflection-only measurement configurations, since, at some instances, only one side of the sample under test is accessible for electromagnetic measurements. We considered two different measurement configurations for testing the applicability of the phase unwrapping technique as: 1) two identical samples with different lengths flushed by a short-circuit termination and 2) one sample shorted by a varying short-circuit termination. For each measurement configuration, the underlying expressions for the reflection scattering parameters are derived. For both cases, we evaluated the suitability of the phase unwrapping technique by considering a highly-dispersive medium (distilled water) as our test sample. We note that continuity of the real part of the complex wavelength is a key issue in the unwrapping technique for (one-port) reflection-only measurements.
RESOLVING PHASE AMBIGUITY IN THE INVERSE PROBLEM OF REFLECTION-ONLY MEASUREMENT METHODS
2012-06-27
PIER
Vol. 129, 387-404, 2012
download: 184
Study of Electromagnetic Scattering from Ship Wakes on PEC Sea Surfaces by the Small-Slope Approximation Theory
Rong-Qing Sun Min Zhang Chao Wang Yong Chen
Electromagnetic (EM) scattering properties from the ship wakes on the two-dimensional (2-D) perfect electric conductor (PEC) sea surfaces are studied by utilizing the small-slope approximation (SSA) theory. Considering the limitations of using the ideal plane EM wave incident upon a rough sea surface of the limited size, the expressions of the scattered field and scattering amplitude are derived by utilizing the modified tapered incident field. Based on a simplified segmented ocean spectrum model, the bistatic and monostatic normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) from the PEC sea surfaces with and without ship wakes are calculated, respectively. Meanwhile, the variation of scattering coefficient as scattering angles is given and compared under different polarization states. The results show that the scattering from the PEC sea surfaces with ship wakes is evidently different from that without them in bistatic and monostatic scattering. This provides a basis to extract ship wake characteristics. Also it shows that the SSA is a very effective analysis method to deal with the EM scattering from the rough sea surface. Finally, the effect of different tapered factors on backscattering coefficient is discussed, and it is concluded that an artificial reflection from the boundaries and a scattering upwarping from low-grazing incidence can be avoided just when the tapered factor is relatively smaller. This gives the theoretical basis for the analysis of EM scattering characteristics of ship wakes on the PEC sea surface.
STUDY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM SHIP WAKES ON PEC SEA SURFACES BY THE SMALL-SLOPE APPROXIMATION THEORY
2012-06-26
PIER
Vol. 129, 365-385, 2012
download: 235
Wideband Circularly Polarized UHF RFID Reader Antenna with High Gain and Wide Axial Ratio Beamwidths
Ping Wang Guangjun Wen Jian Li Yongjun Huang Liu Yang Qing Zhang
A broadband circularly polarized patch antenna with high gain and wide axial ratio beamwidths is proposed for ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RF identification (RFID) applications in this paper. The antenna is composed of a square patch, a feed network printed on the bottom side of the substrates and an antenna radome. The CP radiation of the proposed antenna is excited by four cylinder probes which transmit four signals that have equal amplitude with quadrature phase difference (0˚, 90˚, 180˚, and 270˚) generated from the feed network. To obtain an optimum peak gain and a broad CP bandwidth, 100 Ω isolation resistor is omitted in the feed network for obtaining high radiation efficiency, and the effects of varying the feed positions and dimensions of the various parameters on the antenna performances are respectively investigated. Simulation results are compared with the measurements, and a good agreement is obtained. The measured results show that the proposed antenna can provide broad impendence bandwidth of 19.7% (815-993 MHz) (reflection coefficient less than -15 dB), a maximum gain of 9.65 dBi, and a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of about 11% (860-960 MHz). The results indicate that the proposed antenna is an excellent candidate for UHF RFID reader system. At last, read performance of the proposed antenna array in RFID systems is presented, which verify the superior features of the proposed antenna in practical RFID system applications.
WIDEBAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED UHF RFID READER ANTENNA WITH HIGH GAIN AND WIDE AXIAL RATIO BEAMWIDTHS
2012-06-26
PIER
Vol. 129, 345-363, 2012
download: 188
Comparative Evaluation on Power-Speed Density of Portable Permanent Magnet Generators for Agricultural Application
Norhisam Bin Misron Suhairi Rizuan Che Ahmad Raja Nor Firdaus Chockalingam Aravind Hiroyuki Wakiwaka Masami Nirei
The comparative evaluation based on the power speed density of several types of portable Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG) considered for agricultural applications is presented. These generators are purposely designed to be used in agriculture sectors and thereby it should be of lightweight, small in size and ease to use. Six different generator topologies are developed for investigation of such purposes. A number of design parameters are considered to analyze the performance characteristics for each type of developed PMG. Based on the power speed density factor that is used to describe better generator performance, the suitable PMG for the agricultural application is identified through a comprehensive evaluation.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION ON POWER-SPEED DENSITY OF PORTABLE PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATORS FOR AGRICULTURAL APPLICATION
2012-06-26
PIER
Vol. 129, 315-343, 2012
download: 128
Scattering of Electromagnetic Spherical Wave by a Perfectly Conducting Disk
Kohei Hongo Allah Ditta Ulfat Jafri Qaisar Naqvi
The scattering of electromagnetic spherical wave by a perfectly conducting circular disk is studied by using the method of Kobayashi Potential (abbreviated as KP method). The formulation of the problem yields the dual integral equations (DIE). The spherical wave is produced by an arbitrarily oriented dipole. The unknowns are the induced surface current (or magnetic field) and the tangential components of the electric field on the disk. The solution for the surface current is expanded in terms of a set of functions which satisfy one of a pair (equations for the magnetic field) of Maxwell equations and the required edge condition on the surface of the disk. At this stage we have used the vector Hankel transform. Applying the projection solves the rest of the pair of equations. Thus the problem reduces to the matrix equations for the expansion coefficients. The matrix elements are given in terms of the infinite integrals with a single variable and these may be transformed into infinite series that are convenient for numerical computation. The far field patterns of the scattered wave are computed and compared with those computed based on the physical optics approximation. The agreement between them is fairly good.
SCATTERING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPHERICAL WAVE BY A PERFECTLY CONDUCTING DISK
2012-06-26
PIER
Vol. 129, 287-313, 2012
download: 197
Convolution Back-Projection Imaging Algorithm for Downward-Looking Sparse Linear Array Three Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radar
Xueming Peng Weixian Tan Yanping Wang Wen Hong Yirong Wu
General side-looking synthetic aperture radar (SAR) cannot obtain scattering information about the observed scenes which are constrained by lay over and shading effects. Downward-looking sparse linear array three-dimensional SAR (DLSLA 3D SAR) can be placed on small and mobile platform, allows for the acquisition of full 3D microwave images and overcomes the restrictions of shading and lay over effects in side-looking SAR. DLSLA 3D SAR can be developed for various applications, such as city planning, environmental monitoring, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation, disaster relief, surveillance and reconnaissance, etc. In this paper, we give the imaging geometry and dechirp echo signal model of DLSLA 3D SAR. The sparse linear array is composed of multiple transmitting and receiving array elements placed sparsely along cross-track dimension. The radar works on time-divided transmitting-receiving mode. Particularly, the platform motion impact on the echo signal during the time-divided transmitting-receiving procedure is considered. Then we analyse the wave propagation, along-track and cross-track dimensional echo signal bandwidth before and after dechrip processing. In the following we extend the projection-slice theorem which is widely used in computerized axial tomography (CAT) to DLSLA 3D SAR imaging. In consideration of the flying platform motion compensation during time-divided transmitting-receiving procedure and parallel implementation on multi-core CPU or Graphics processing units (GPU) processor, the convolution back-projection (CBP) imaging algorithm is proposed for DLSLA 3D SAR image reconstruction. At last, the focusing capabilities of our proposed imaging algorithm are investigated and verified by numerical simulations and theoretical analysis.
CONVOLUTION BACK-PROJECTION IMAGING ALGORITHM FOR DOWNWARD-LOOKING SPARSE LINEAR ARRAY THREE DIMENSIONAL SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
2012-06-24
PIER
Vol. 129, 271-285, 2012
download: 126
A Fast 3D Imaging Technique for Near-Field Circular SAR Processing
Wei Yan Jia-Dong Xu Gao Wei Li Fu Hua-Bing He
A fast method for circular SAR three-dimensional imaging system by near-field elevation scanning is proposed in this paper. It is based on cylindrical spectrum theory which exploits the Fourier decomposition of the targets distribution instead of point by point imaging in earlier works. The proposed method sets up the relationship between the target image and the scattering field in spatial frequency domain. This leads to overcome the problem of computational inefficiency which was observed previously in projection-slice theorem. The near-field scattering is firstly analyzed by relating the return signal to the near-field focus function. The near-field focus function is then transformed to spatial frequency domain and evaluated by the method of stationary phase. Finally, the imaging result is given by three-dimensional inverse Fourier transformation from spatial frequency domain of targets. The proposed method is validated by the simulation results of distributed targets. In addition, experimental validation was also achieved in microwave chamber at X-band with targets placed on the turntable.
A FAST 3D IMAGING TECHNIQUE FOR NEAR-FIELD CIRCULAR SAR PROCESSING
2012-06-21
PIER
Vol. 129, 251-269, 2012
download: 160
Multiobjective Optimization and Design of a Luneberg Lens Antenna with Multiband Multi-Polarized Feed-System
Ming Huang Shiwen Yang Jinghua Teng Quanjiang Zhu Zai-Ping Nie
A general multiobjective optimization and design procedure of a Luneberg lens antenna (LLA) with a compact multiband multi-polarized feed-system for a broadband satellite communication terminal is presented. The LLA utilizes a compact multiband feed horn, consisting of an inner dielectric loaded circular horn for the K/Ka-band (dual-circular polarization) and a coaxial waveguide with axially corrugated flange for the Ku-band (dual-linear polarization). Measurements show good agreement with simulations. Moreover, an efficient multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) with differential evolution operator and objective normalization technique is firstly coupled with the vector spherical wave function expansions (VSWE) for the optimal design of a 7-layer 650 mm diameter LLA, which provides higher aperture efficiency at Ku/K/Ka-band simultaneously. The frequency dependence of the LLA is also investigated. Finally, the gain and sidelobe level of a 5-layer design are jointly evaluated and compared with previous works. The proposed design procedure provides much better radiation performances and greater design freedom to the designers, as a group of Pareto-optimal LLA solutions can be obtained with just one simulation.
MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION AND DESIGN OF A LUNEBERG LENS ANTENNA WITH MULTIBAND MULTI-POLARIZED FEED-SYSTEM
2012-06-21
PIER
Vol. 129, 231-250, 2012
download: 115
Adaptive Detection of Multiple Point-Like Targets Under Conic Constraints
Chengpeng Hao Francesco Bandiera Jun Yang Danilo Orlando Shefeng Yan Chaohuan Hou
This paper addresses the problem of detecting multiple point-like targets in the presence of steering vector mismatches and Gaussian disturbance with unknown covariance matrix. To this end, we first model the actual useful signal as a vector belonging to a proper cone whose axis coincides with the whitened direction of the nominal array response. Then we develop two robust adaptive detectors resorting to the two-step GLRT-based design procedure without assignment of a distinct set of secondary data. The performance assessment has been conducted by Monte Carlo simulation, also in comparison to previously proposed detectors, and confirms the effectiveness of the newly proposed ones. In the last part of the work, in order to restore the detection performance of the newly proposed detectors in the presence of a large number of range cells contaminated by useful signals, we consider two adaptive detectors which resort to the structure information of the disturbance covariance matrix, and show that the a-priori information on the covariance structure can lead to a noticeable performance improvement.
ADAPTIVE DETECTION OF MULTIPLE POINT-LIKE TARGETS UNDER CONIC CONSTRAINTS
2012-06-21
PIER
Vol. 129, 215-229, 2012
download: 132
Equivalent Circuit Analysis of Ridge-Loaded Folded-Waveguide Slow-Wave Structures for Millimeter-Wave Traveling-Wave Tubes
Yan Hou Jin Xu Hai-Rong Yin Yan-Yu Wei Ling-Na Yue Guoqing Zhao Yu-Bin Gong
In this paper, a new simple equivalent circuit model for analysis of dispersion and interaction impedance characteristics of ridge-loaded folded-waveguide slow-wave structure is presented. In order to make the computational results more accurately, the effects of the presence of the beam-hole and discontinuity due to the waveguide bend and the narrow side dimension change of this kind of structure were considered. The dispersion characteristics and the interaction impedance are numerical calculated and discussed. The analytical results agree very well with those obtained by the 3-D electromagnetic high-frequency simulation software. It is indicated that the equivalent circuit methods are reliable and high efficiency.
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS OF RIDGE-LOADED FOLDED-WAVEGUIDE SLOW-WAVE STRUCTURES FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE TRAVELING-WAVE TUBES
2012-06-19
PIER
Vol. 129, 197-214, 2012
download: 156
A Generalized Coupled-Line Dual-Band Wilkinson Power Divider with Extended Ports
Jiuchao Li Yongle Wu Yuan'an Liu Jun-Yu Shen Shulan Li Cuiping Yu
A generalized two-way coupled-line power divider with extended ports for dual band is proposed in this paper. The power divider is composed of two section coupled-lines, one conventional transmission line, and an isolation resistor, and employs extension of a transmission line or coupled-line at each port. The design equations are obtained based on even- and odd-mode analysis, and analytical ideal closed-form scattering parameter expressions derived. Because the traditional ring structure is a special case of coupled line, four cases of this generalized power divider are discussed and compared. In addition, the six power dividers simulated results of three special cases are shown. Finally, three fabricated power dividers measurements are used to certify this proposed structure and corresponding design parameters.
A GENERALIZED COUPLED-LINE DUAL-BAND WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER WITH EXTENDED PORTS
2012-06-19
PIER
Vol. 129, 181-195, 2012
download: 132
Microwave Thermotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Evaluation of Homogeneity of SAR Distribution
Barbora Vrbova Jan Vrba
Medical applications of microwaves (i.e. a possibility to use microwave energy and/or microwave technique and technology for therapeutical purposes) are a quite new and very rapidly developing field. Microwave thermotherapy is being used in medicine for cancer treatment and treatment of some other diseases since early eighties. This paper is a contribution to a theory of phase array applicators to be used for a microwave thermotherapy (microwave hyperthermia) in a cancer treatment. It deals with a study and theoretical evaluation of homogeneity of SAR distribution in cylindrical agar phantom for several different values of its radius. Discussed SAR distribution is in our case created by simulations of EM field exposure done by aid of four microwave stripline type TEM mode applicators of the same type.
MICROWAVE THERMOTHERAPY IN CANCER TREATMENT: EVALUATION OF HOMOGENEITY OF SAR DISTRIBUTION