PIER | PIER Journals

2020-12-31

PIER

Vol. 169, 117-127, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20120701

download: 448

A Parameter-Free Calibration Process for a Scheimpflug LIDAR for Volumetric Profiling

Longqiang Luo Xiang Chen Zhanpeng Xu Shuo Li Yaoran Sun Sailing He

Scheimpflug LIDAR has attracted considerable attention in the recent years, and has been widely applied in many fields due to its infinite depth of field. In this study, we reconstruct a series of formulas to demonstrate the Scheimpflug principles, with reference at the hinge point. These formulas based on directly measurable parameters are simple in form. Base on this, we report a new calibration for the Scheimpflug system, without measuring the instrument parameters. We also confirm that the result of calibration is accordance with the actual setting of the system. To take full advantage of the infinite depth of field of the Scheimpflug system, we have designed and carried out the system, combining with a rotary stage, to obtain the entire volumetric profile for a target of interest in a cycle rotation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time Scheimpflug system is utilized to perform a three-dimensional volumetric profile measurement.

A PARAMETER-FREE CALIBRATION PROCESS FOR A SCHEIMPFLUG LIDAR FOR VOLUMETRIC PROFILING

2020-12-31

PIER

Vol. 169, 103-115, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20062703

download: 519

Wideband RCS Reduction of High Gain Fabry-Perot Antenna Employing a Receiver-Transmitter Metasurface

Peng Xie Guang-Ming Wang Hai-Peng Li Ya-Wei Wang Binfeng Zong

This paper presents a high gain Fabry-Perot antenna with radar cross section (RCS) reduction property. A receiver-transmitter metasurface is designed and used as the partially reflective surface (PRS) of the antenna to realize high gain and wideband RCS reduction. Firstly, the working principle of the unit cell is similar to the reception and radiation of two patch antennas. The unit cell is designed to present high reflectivity through tuning the impedance matching between two patches. This can ensure that the antenna obtains high gain. Then, the ground plane in the middle makes the reflection phase from different sides of the unit cell be tuned independently. Two unit cells with same reflection phase from the bottom side and 180° reflection phase difference from the top side are obtained through tuning the size of the transmitter patch. With the improved chessboard arrangement of these two unit cells, the incident wave can be scattered into many directions. So the metasurface presents a good RCS reduction property. More importantly, thanks to the high reflectivity of the metasurface, almost all the electromagnetic waves from the outside are reflected and rarely enter the cavity. Therefore, the antenna achieves good in band RCS reduction. The measured results of the fabricated antenna agree well with the simulated ones, which verify the correctness of the design. The antennas reaches the maximum gain of 18.2 dBi at 10 GHz. Wideband RCS reduction and good in band RCS reduction are also obtained by the antenna.

WIDEBAND RCS REDUCTION OF HIGH GAIN FABRY-PEROT ANTENNA EMPLOYING A RECEIVER-TRANSMITTER METASURFACE

2020-12-31

PIER

Vol. 169, 87-101, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20112801

download: 462

Electromagnetic-Circuital-Thermal Multiphysics Simulation Method: a Review (Invited)

Huan Huan Zhang Pan Pan Wang Shuai Zhang Long Li Ping Li Wei E. I. Sha Li Jun Jiang

Electromagnetic-circuital-thermal multiphysics simulation is a very important topic in the field of integrated circuit (IC), microwave circuits, antennas, etc. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the state of the art of electromagnetic-circuital-thermal multiphysics simulation method. Most efforts were focused on electromagnetic-circuital co-simulation and electromagnetic-thermal co-simulation. A brief introduction of related theory like governing equations, numerical methods, and coupling mechanisms is also included.

ELECTROMAGNETIC-CIRCUITAL-THERMAL MULTIPHYSICS SIMULATION METHOD: A REVIEW (INVITED)

2020-12-31

PIER

Vol. 169, 73-86, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20102202

download: 440

Distinguishing Bipolar Depression from Major Depressive Disorder Using fNIRS and Deep Neural Network

Tengfei Ma Hailong Lyu Jingjing Liu Yuting Xia Chao Qian Julian Evans Weijuan Xu Jianbo Hu Shaohua Hu Sailing He

A variety of psychological scales are utilized at present as the most important basis for clinical diagnosis of mood disorders. An experienced psychiatrist assesses and diagnoses mood disorders based on clinical symptoms and relevant assessment scores. This symptom based clinical criterion is limited by the psychiatrist's experience. In practice, it is difficult to distinguish the patients with bipolar disorder with depression episode (bipolar depression, BD) from those with major depressive disorder (MDD). The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology is commonly used to perceive the emotions of a human. It measures the hemodynamic parameters of the brain, which correlate with cerebral activation. Here, we propose a machine learning classification method based on deep neural network for the brain activations of mood disorders. Large time scale connectivity is determined using an attention long short term memory neural network and short-time feature information are considered using the InceptionTime neural network in this method. Our combined method is referred to as AttentionLSTM-InceptionTime (ALSTMIT). We collected fNIRS data of 36 MDD patients and 48 BD patients who were in the depressed state. All the patients were monitored by fNIRS during conducting the verbal fluency task (VFT). We trained the model with the ALSTMIT network. The algorithm can distinguish the two types of patients effectively: the average accuracy of classification on the test set can reach 96.2% stably. The classification can provide an objective diagnosis tool for clinicians, and this algorithm may be critical for the early detection and precise treatment for the patients with mood disorders.

DISTINGUISHING BIPOLAR DEPRESSION FROM MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER USING FNIRS AND DEEP NEURAL NETWORK

2020-12-30

PIER

Vol. 169, 59-71, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20120401

download: 702

A Review of Algorithms and Hardware Implementations in Electrical Impedance Tomography (Invited)

Zheng Zong Yusong Wang Zhun Wei

In recent years, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has attracted intensive interests due to its noninvasive, ionizing radiation-free, and low-cost advantages, which is promising for both biomedical imaging and industry nondestructive tests. The purpose of this paper is to review state-of-the-art methods including both algorithms and hardwares in EIT. More specifically, for the advanced reconstruction algorithms in mainstream, we offer some insights on classification and comparison. As for the measurement equipment, the structure, configuration modes, and typical systems are reviewed. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and challenges in EIT technique, such as low-spatial resolution and nonlinear-inversion problems, where future directions, such as solving EIT problems with deep learning, have also been addressed.

A REVIEW OF ALGORITHMS AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS IN ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY (INVITED)

2020-12-12

PIER

Vol. 169, 45-57, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20050801

download: 840

Rotman Lens Design with Wideband DRA Array

Mohammad Ranjbar Nikkhah Manish Hiranandani Ahmed A. Kishk

For rapid Rotman lens design, the symmetry plane is utilized to reduce the structure size by employing the odd and even mode characteristics. Solutions of half the structure for odd and even modes (short and open walls or electrical and magnetic walls, respectively) are much more efficient than the one-time solution for the whole structure. Then, s-parameters from both solutions are processed to obtain the s-parameters of the full lens. To support the wideband and wide scanning range, DRA array is used because of its ability to support these characteristics. Two examples are considered. The first example that employs four cylindrical DRA elements is built and measured to test the concept of terminating the dummy ports by absorbing materials instead of matching loads. This termination tremendously simplifies the structure and reduces the cost by saving the terminating connectors and the matching loads. Here, thin planar absorbing material is used on top of the microstrip lines of the dummy ports. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The second example utilizes 8 rectangular DRA array elements and is studied numerically.

ROTMAN LENS DESIGN WITH WIDEBAND DRA ARRAY

2020-11-30

PIER

Vol. 169, 33-43, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20083101

download: 395

One-Way Topological States Along Vague Boundaries in Synthetic Frequency Dimensions Including Group Velocity Dispersion (Invited)

Qingrou Shan Danying Yu Guangzhen Li Luqi Yuan Xianfeng Chen

We recently proposed a two-dimensional synthetic space including one spatial axis and one synthetic frequency dimension in a one-dimensional ring resonator array [Opt. Lett. 41, 741 (2016)]. Nevertheless, the group velocity dispersion (GVD) of the waveguides that compose rings was ignored for simplicity. In this paper, we extend the previous work and study the topological one-way edge states in such a synthetic space involving GVD. We show that the GVD brings a natural vague boundary in the frequency dimension, so the topological edge state still propagates at several frequency modes unidirectionally along the spatial axis. Positions of such vague boundary can be controlled by changing the magnitude of the GVD. In particular, a relatively strong GVD can degrade this two-dimensional synthetic space to one-dimensional spatial lattice, but yet the one-way state is still preserved in simulations. Our work therefore exhibits the impact of the GVD on topological photonics in the synthetic space, which will be important for future practical experimental implementations.

ONE-WAY TOPOLOGICAL STATES ALONG VAGUE BOUNDARIES IN SYNTHETIC FREQUENCY DIMENSIONS INCLUDING GROUP VELOCITY DISPERSION (INVITED)

2020-11-25

PIER

Vol. 169, 25-32, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20102708

download: 529

Designer Surface Plasmons Enable Terahertz Cherenkov Radiation (Invited)

Jie Zhang Xiaofeng Hu Hongsheng Chen Fei Gao

Cherenkov radiation (CR) is a promising method to generate high-power terahertz (THz) electromagnetic (EM) waves, which are highly desired in numerous practical applications. For the purpose of economy energy, naturally occurred materials with flat surface (e.g. graphene), which can support highly-confined surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes, have been proposed to construct high-efficiency terahertz CR source; however, these emerging materials cannot be easily fabricated nor flexibly designed. Here, we propose a designer-SPP metamaterial scheme to pursue terahertz CR. The metamaterial is a structure-decorated metal surface, which is compatible with planar fabrication, and can support SPP-like EM modes in terahertz frequencies, also named as designer SPP. Due to the structure dependence of designer SPP, its dispersions can be flexibly designed by changing the structure geometries as well as choosing proper dielectric medias. Numerical results clearly demonstrated this scheme. Our proposal may promise future high-efficiency and intense THz source with design flexibilities.

DESIGNER SURFACE PLASMONS ENABLE TERAHERTZ CHERENKOV RADIATION (INVITED)

2020-11-25

PIER

Vol. 169, 17-23, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20092201

download: 349

Multi-Laser Scanning Confocal Fluorescent Endoscopy Scheme for Subcellular Imaging (Invited)

Xiaomin Zheng Xiang Li Qiao Lin Jiajie Chen Yueqing Gu Yonghong Shao

Fluorescence confocal laser scanning endomicroscopy is a novel tool combining confocal microscopy and endoscopy for in-vivo subcellular structure imaging with comparable resolution as the traditional microscope. In this paper, we propose a three-channel fluorescence confocal microscopy system based on fiber bundle and two excitation laser lines of 488nm and 650nm. Three fluorescent photomultiplier detecting channels of red, green and blue can record multi-color fluorescence signals from single sample site simultaneously. And its ability for in-vivo multi-channel fluorescence detection at subcellular level is verified. Moreover, the system has achieved an effective field of view of 154μm in diameter with high resolution. With its multi-laser scanning, multi-channel detection, flexible probing, and in-vivo imaging abilities it will become a powerful tool in bio-chemical research and diagnostics, such as the investigation of the transport mechanism of nano-drugs in small animals.

MULTI-LASER SCANNING CONFOCAL FLUORESCENT ENDOSCOPY SCHEME FOR SUBCELLULAR IMAGING (INVITED)

2020-11-06

PIER

Vol. 169, 1-15, 2020

doi:10.2528/PIER20071203

download: 339

The Multilevel Fast Physical Optics Method for Calculating High Frequency Scattered Fields

Zhiyang Xue Yu Mao Wu Weng Cho Chew Ya-Qiu Jin Amir Boag

The multilevel fast physical optics (MLFPO) is proposed to accelerate the computation of the fields scattered from electrically large coated scatterers. This method is based on the quadratic patch subdivision and the multilevel technology. First, the quadratic patches are employed rather than the planar patches to discretize the considered scatterer. Hence, the number of the contributing patches is cut dramatically, thus making the workload of the MLFPO method much lower than that of the traditional Gordon's method. Next, the multilevel technology is introduced in this work to avoid calculating the physical optics scattered fields from the considered scatterer directly, so that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computational complexity. Finally, numerical results have demonstrated the accuracy and efficiency of the MLFPO method based on the quadratic patches.