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PIER PIER B PIER C PIER M PIER Letters
2011-04-27
Consistent Formalism for the Momentum of Electromagnetic Waves in Lossless Dispersive Metamaterials and the Conservation of Momentum
By
Yingran He,

    Dr. Yingran He

    Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research

    Zhejiang University

    China

    Homepage

Katus Maski,

    Dr. Katus Maski

    Royal Inst Technol

    USA

    Homepage

Sailing He

    Prof. Sailing He

    Department of Electromagnetic Theory

    Royal Institute of Technology

    Sweden

    Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 116, 81-106, 2011
doi:10.2528/PIER11032006
Abstract
A new formalism for electromagnetic and mechanical momenta in a metamaterial is developed by means of the technique of wave-packet integrals. The medium has huge mass density and can therefore be regarded as almost stationary upon incident electromagnetic waves. A clear identification of momentum density and momentum flow, including their electromagnetic and mechanical parts, is obtained by employing this formalism in a lossless dispersive metamaterial (including the cases of impedance matching and mismatching with vacuum). It is found that the ratio of the electromagnetic momentum density to the mechanical momentum density depends on the impedance and group velocity of the electromagnetic wave inside the metamaterial. One of the definite results is that both the electromagnetic momentum and the mechanical momentum in the metamaterial are in the same direction as the energy flow, instead of in the direction of the wave vector. The conservation of total momentum is verified. In addition, the law of energy conservation in the process of normal incidence is also verified by using the wave-packet integral of both the electromagnetic energy density and the electromagnetic p
Citation
Yingran He, Katus Maski, and Sailing He, "Consistent Formalism for the Momentum of Electromagnetic Waves in Lossless Dispersive Metamaterials and the Conservation of Momentum," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 116, 81-106, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11032006
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