volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

We present an idea of grating-based plasmon biosensor utilizing phase detection to realize high resolution in finding a refractive index of a material put on the surface of a metal grating. Considering a trade-off between high resolution and experimental practicability, we show a table of recommended setup that covers a wide range of the index. Keeping the diffraction efficiency no less than 10^-3 and assuming the resolution in phase detection to be 2.5x10^-2 degrees, we estimate the resolution of the biosensor as 7.5x10^-7 refractive index units. We also discuss the possible improvement to realize a predicted superior limit of resolution around 10^-8.

1. Raeter, H., "Surface plasmon and roughness," Surface Polaritons, V. M. Argranovich and D. L. Mills (eds.), Ch. 9, 331-403, North-Holland, New York, 1982. Google Scholar

2. Nevière, M., "The homogeneous problem," Electromagnetic Theory of Gratings, R. Petit, Ed. 123-157, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980. Google Scholar

3. Barnes, W. L., T. W. Preist, J. R. Sambles, N. P. K. Cotter, and D. J. Nash, "Photonic gaps in the dispersion of surface plasmons on gratings," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 51, 11164-11167, 1995.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.51.11164 Google Scholar

4. Chau, Y.-F., H.-H. Yeh, and D. P. Tsai, "Surface plasmon resonances effects on different patterns of solid-silver and silvershell nanocylindrical pairs," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 8-9, 1005-1014, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791586098 Google Scholar

5. Zhao, J., K. Li, F.-M. Kong, and L.-G. Du, "Enhancement of blue light emission using surface plasmons coupling with quantum wells," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 293-306, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10072906 Google Scholar

6. Suyama, T. and Y. Okuno, "Enhancement of TM-TE mode conversion caused by excitation of surface plasmons on a metal grating and its application for refractive index measurement," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 72, 91-103, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07030301 Google Scholar

7. Nelson, S. G., K. S. Johnston, and S. S. Yee, "High sensitivity surface plasmon resonance sensor based on phase detection," Sensors and Actuators B, Vol. 35, No. 1-3, 187-191, 1996.
doi:10.1016/S0925-4005(97)80052-4 Google Scholar

8. Banerjee, A., "Enhanced refractometric optical sensing by using one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 89, 11-22, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER08112105 Google Scholar

9. Ho, H. P., W. C. Law, S. Y. Wu, C. Lin, and S. K. Kong, "Real-time optical biosensor based on differential phase measurement of surface plasmon resonance," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 20, 2177-2180, 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.011 Google Scholar

10. Ho, H. P., W. Yuan, C. L. Wong, S. Y. Wu, Y. K. Suen, S. K. Kong, and C. Lin, "Sensitivity enhancement based on application of multi-pass interferometry in phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor," Optics Communications, Vol. 275, 491-496, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2007.03.067 Google Scholar

11. Wong, C. L., H. P. Ho, Y. K. Suen, S. K. Kong, Q. L. Chen, W. Yuan, and S. Y. Wu, "Real-time protein biosensor arrays based on surface plasmon resonance differential phase imaging," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 24, 606-612, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.013 Google Scholar

12. Yasuura, K. and T. Itakura, "Approximation method for wave functions (I), (II) and (III)," Kyushu Univ. Tech. Rep., Vol. 38, No. 1, 72-77, 1965; Vol. 38, No. 4, 378-385, 1966; Vol. 39, No. 1, 51-56, 1966. Google Scholar

13. Okuno, Y. and H. Ikuno, "Yasuura's method, its relation to the fictitious source methods, and its advancements in solving 2-D problems," Generalized Multipole Techniques for Electromagnetic and Light Scattering, T. Wriedt (ed.), 111-141, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999. Google Scholar

14. Hass, G. and L. Hadley, "Optical properties of metals," American Institute of Physics Handbook, Vol. 2nd, D. E. Gray (ed.), 6-107, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963. Google Scholar

15. Horowitz, P. and W. Hill, The Art of Electronics, 641-646, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989.

16. Markowicz, P. P., W. C. Law, A. Baev, P. Prasad, S. Patskovsky, and A. V. Kabashin, "Phase-sensitive timemodulated SPR polarimetry for wide dynamic range biosensing," Opt. Express, Vol. 15, 1745, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.001745 Google Scholar

17. Law, W.-C., P. Markowicz, K.-T. Yong, I. Roy, A. Baev, S. Patskovsky, A. V. Kabashin, H. P. Ho, and P. N. Prasad, "Wide dynamic range phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on measuring the modulation harmonics," Biosens. Bioelectron, Vol. 23, No. 5, 627-632, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.bios.2007.07.015 Google Scholar

18. Okuno, Y. and T. Suyama, "Numerical analysis of surface plasmons excited on a thin metal grating," Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A, Vol. 7, No. 1, 55-70, 2006.
doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.A0055 Google Scholar

Dr. Ziqian Luo

Professor Taikei Suyama

Prof. Xun Xu

Dr. Yoichi Okuno