volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Circuit and multipolar approaches are presented to investigate the correlation between absorption and scattering processes in 2D problems. This investigation was inspired by earlier works of Prof.R.E. Collin, which pointed out deficiencies of the Th'evenin/Norton circuit models to evaluate the scattered and absorbed powers associated with receiving antennas and, thus, encouraged research on new analytical tools to address these problems. Power balance results are obtained with both circuit and multipolar approaches that are fully consistent. This analysis serves to illustrate how the correlation between absorption and scattering processes results in upper bounds for their power magnitudes, as well as stringent design trade-offs in both far-field and near-field source and scattering technologies.

1. Alu, A. and N. Engheta, "Cloaking asensor," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 102, No. 23, 233901, 2009.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.233901 Google Scholar

2. Vehmas, J., P. Alitalo, and S. A. Tretyakov, "Experimental demonstration of antenna blockage reduction with a transmission-line cloak," IET Microwaves, Antennas Propag., Vol. 6, No. 7, 830-834, 2012.
doi:10.1049/iet-map.2011.0509 Google Scholar

3. Liberal, I., I. Ederra, R. Gonzalo, and R. W. Ziolkowski, "A multipolar analysis of near-field absorption and scattering processes," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 61, No. 10, 5184-5199, Oct. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2272453 Google Scholar

4. Montgomery, C. G, R. H. Dicke, and E. M. Purcell, "Principles of microwave circuits," Radiutiotz Laboratory Series, Vol. 8, 317-333, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1948. Google Scholar

5. Kahn, W. K. and H. Kurss, "Minimum scattering antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 13, No. 5, 671-675, Sep. 1965.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1965.1138529 Google Scholar

6. Green, R. B., "Scattering from conjugate-matched antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 14, No. 1, 17-22, Jan. 1966.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1966.1138619 Google Scholar

7. Wasylkiwskyj, W. and W. K. Kahn, "Theory of mutual coupling among minimum-scattering antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 18, No. 2, 204-216, Mar. 1970.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1970.1139649 Google Scholar

8. Rogers, P. G., "Application of the minimum scattering antenna theory to mismatched antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 34, No. 10, 1223-1228, Oct. 1986.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1986.1143747 Google Scholar

9. Munk, B. A., Finite Antenna Arrays and FSS, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2003.

10. Love, A. W., "Comment: On the equivalent circuit of a receiving antenna," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 5, 124-126, 2002.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2002.1077791 Google Scholar

11. Van Bladel, J., "On the equivalent circuit of a receiving antenna," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 44, No. 1, 164-165, 2002.
doi:10.1109/74.997959 Google Scholar

12. Collin, R. E., "Limitations of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for a receiving antenna," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 45, No. 2, 119-124, 2003.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2003.1203128 Google Scholar

13. Love, A. W., "Comment: Limitations of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for a receiving antenna," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 45, No. 4, 98-99, Aug. 2003.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2003.1241317 Google Scholar

14. Collin, R. E., "Remarks on: Limitations of the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for a receiving antenna," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 45, No. 4, 99-100, Aug. 2003.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2003.1241318 Google Scholar

15. Andersen, J. B. and R. G. Vaughan, "Transmitting, receiving, and scattering properties of antennas," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 45, No. 4, 93-98, Aug. 2003.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2003.1241316 Google Scholar

16. Pozar, D. M., "Scattered and absorbed powers in receiving antennas," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., Vol. 46, No. 1, 144-145, 145.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2004.1296172 Google Scholar

17. Balanis, C. A., Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005.

18. Kraus, J. D., Antennas, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1988.

19. Aharoni, I., Antennae, an Introduction to Their Theory, 164-176, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1946.

20. Andersen, J. B. and A. Frandsen, "Absorption efficiency of receiving antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 53, No. 9, 2843-2849, Sep. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.854532 Google Scholar

21. Kwon, D. H. and D. M. Pozar, "Optimal characteristics of an arbitrary receive antenna," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 57, No. 12, 3720-3727, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2025975 Google Scholar

22. Liberal, I. and R. W. Ziolkowski, "Analytical and equivalent circuit models to elucidate power balance in scattering problems," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 61, No. 5, 2714-2726, 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2013.2242033 Google Scholar

23. Alu, A. and S. Maslovski, "Power relations and a consistent analytical model for receiving wire antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 5, 1436-1448, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2044354 Google Scholar

24. Newton, R. G., "Optical theorem and beyond," Am. J. Phys., Vol. 44, No. 7, 639-642, 1976.
doi:10.1119/1.10324 Google Scholar

25. Gustafsson, M., J. B. Andersen, G. Kristensson, and G. F. Pedersen, "Forward scattering of loaded and unloaded antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag, Vol. 60, No. 12, 5663-5668, 2012.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2214191 Google Scholar

26. Carney, P., J. Schotland, and E. Wolf, "Generalized optical theorem for reflection, transmission, and extinction of power for scalar fields," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 70, 036611, 2004.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.036611 Google Scholar

27. Marengo, E. A., "A new theory of the generalized optical theorem in anisotropic media," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 61, No. 4, 2164-2179, Apr. 2013.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2012.2233702 Google Scholar

28. Harrington, R. F., Time-harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA, 1961.

29. Balanis, C. A., Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, Wiley, New York, NY, USA, 2012.

30. Belov, P. A., C. R. Simovski, and S. A. Tretyakov, "Two-dimensional electromagnetic crystals formed by reactively loaded wires," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 66, 036610, 2002.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.66.036610 Google Scholar

31. Belov, P. A., S. A. Tretyakov, and A. J. Viitanen, "Dispersion and reflection properties of artificial media formed by regular lattices of ideally conducting wires," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 16, No. 8, 1153-1170, 2002.
doi:10.1163/156939302X00688 Google Scholar

32. Liberal, I., I. S. Nefedov, I. Ederra, R. Gonzalo, and S. A. Tretyakov, "Electromagnetic response and homogenization of grids of ferromagnetic microwires," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 110, No. 6, 064909, Sep. 2011.
doi:10.1063/1.3631062 Google Scholar

33. Liberal, I., I. S. Nefedov, I. Ederra, R. Gonzalo, and S. A. Tretyakov, "On the effective permittivity of arrays of ferromagnetic wires," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 110, No. 10, 104902, Nov. 2011.
doi:10.1063/1.3658844 Google Scholar

34. Liberal, I., I. Ederra, C. Gomez-polo, A. Labrador, J. I. Perez-landazabal, and R. Gonzalo, "A comprehensive analysis of the absorption spectrum of conducting ferromagnetic wires," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 60, No. 7, 2055-2065, Jul. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2195022 Google Scholar

35. Collin, R. E., Field Theory of Guided Waves, 2nd Edition, IEEE Press, New York, 1991.

Dr. Inigo Liberal

Dr. Inigo Ederra

Prof. Ramon Gonzalo

Dr. Richard Ziolkowski