Vol. 147
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2014-05-20
Generic InP -Based Integration Technology: Present and Prospects (Invited Review)
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 147, 23-35, 2014
Abstract
The generic foundry approach will lead to a revolution in micro and nanophotonics, just as it did in microelectronics thirty years ago. Generic integration leads to a drastic reduction in the entry costs for developing Photonic Integrated Circuits. Integrated circuits using generic integration open up a whole new range of applications including data communications, fiber-to-the-home, fiber sensors, gas sensing, medical diagnostics, metrology and consumer photonics. Present status and prospects of InP-based photonic foundry technology are reviewed.
Citation
Giovanni Gilardi, and Meint K. Smit, "Generic InP -Based Integration Technology: Present and Prospects (Invited Review)," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 147, 23-35, 2014.
doi:10.2528/PIER14022001
References

1. Moore, G. E., "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits," Electronics, Vol. 38, 114-117, 1965.

2. Moore's Law, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore's law, .

3. Koren, U., T. L. Koch, M. B. I. iller, G. Eisenstein, and R. H. Bosworth, "Wavelength division multiplexing light source with integrated quantum well tunable lasers and optical amplifiers," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 54, 2056-2058, 1989.
doi:10.1063/1.101164

4. Cremer, C., G. Ebbinghaus, G. Heise, R. Muller-Nawrath, M. Schienle, and L. Stoll, "Grating spectrograph in InGaAsP/InP for dense wavelength division multiplexing," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 59, 627-629, 1991.
doi:10.1063/1.105405

5. Gustavsson, M., B. Lagerstrom, L. Thylen, M. Janson, L. Lundgren, A.-C. Morner, M. Rask, and B. Stoltz, "Monolithically integrated 4 X 4 InGaAsP/InP laser amplifier gate switch arrays," Electron. Lett., Vol. 28, No. 24, 2223-2225, 1992.
doi:10.1049/el:19921428

6. Kaiser, R., "Monolithically integrated polarization diversity heterodyne receivers on GaInAsP/InP," Electron. Lett., Vol. 30, No. 7, 1446-1447, 1994.
doi:10.1049/el:19940934

7. Smit, M. K., "New focusing and dispersive planar component based on an optical phased array," Electron. Lett., Vol. 24, No. 7, 385-386, 1988.
doi:10.1049/el:19880260

8. Takahashi, H., S. Suzuki, K. Kato, and L. Nishi, "Arrayed-waveguide grating for wavelength division multi/demultiplexer with nanometer resolution," Electron. Lett., Vol. 26, No. 2, 87-88, 1990.
doi:10.1049/el:19900058

9. "An N x N optical multiplexer using a planar arrangement of two star couplers," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 3, 812-815, 1991.

10. Amersfoort, M. R., C. R. de Boer, Y. S. Oei, B. H. Verbeek, P. Demeester, F. H. Groen, and J. W. Pedersen, "High performance 4-channel PHASAR wavelength demultiplexer integrated with photodetectors," Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 1993), Vol. 3, 49-52, Montreux, Switzerland, 1993.

11. Zirngibl, M., C. H. Joyner, and P. C. Chou, "WDM receiver by monolithic integration of an optical preamplifier, waveguide grating router and photodiode array," Electron. Lett., Vol. 31, No. 7, 581-582, 1995.
doi:10.1049/el:19950402

12. Steenbergen, C. A. M., C. Van Dam, A. Looijen, C. G. P. Herben, M. Dekok, M. K. Smit, J. W. Pedersen, I. Moerman, R. G. F. Baets, and B. H. Verbeek, "Compact low loss 8 x 10 GHz polarisation independent WDM receiver," Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 1996), Vol. 1, 129-132, Oslo, Norway, 1996.

13. Zirngibl, M. and C. H. Joyner, "12 frequency WDM laser based on a transmissive waveguide grating router," Electron. Lett., Vol. 30, No. 9, 701-702, 1994.
doi:10.1049/el:19940499

14. Zirngibl, M., C. H. Joyner, C. R. Doerr, L. W. Stulz, and H. M. Presby, "An 18-channel multifrequency laser," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 8, 870-872, 1996.
doi:10.1109/68.502254

15. Staring, A. A. M., L. H. Spiekman, J. J. M. Binsma, E. J. Jansen, T. van Dongen, P. J. A. Thijs, M. K. Smit, and B. H. Verbeek, "A compact 9 channel multi-wavelength laser," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 8, 1139-1141, 1996.
doi:10.1109/68.531815

16. Zirngibl, M. and C. H. Joyner, "High-performance, 12 frequency optical multichannel controller," Electron. Lett., Vol. 30, No. 9, 700-701, 1994.
doi:10.1049/el:19940501

17. Ishii, H., H. Sanjoh, M. Kohtoku, S. Oku, Y. Kadota, Y. Yoshikuni, Y. Kondo, and K. Kishi, "Monolithically integrated WDM channel selectors on InP substrates," Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 1998), Vol. 1, 329-330, Madrid, Spain, 1998.

18. Menezo, S., A. Talneau, F. Delorme, S. Grosmaire, F. Gaborit, and S. Slempkes, "10-wavelength 200-GHz spacing emitter integrating DBR lasers with a PHASAR on InP for WDM applications," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 11, 785-787, 1999.
doi:10.1109/68.769707

19. Mestric, R., C. Porcheron, B. Martin, F. Pommereau, I. Guillemot, F. Gaborit, C. Fortin, J. Rotte, and M. Renaud, "Sixteen-channel wavelength selector monolithically integrated on InP," Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2000), TuF6, Baltimore, 2000.

20. Kikuchi, N., T. Shibata, H. Okamoto, Y. Kawaguchi, S. Oku, H. Ishii, Y. Yoshikuni, and Y. Tohmori, "Error-free signal selection and high-speed channel switching by monolithically integrated 64-channel WDM channel selector," Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2001), MoF2.2, 4-5, Amsterdam, 2001.

21. Herben, C. G. P., D. H. P. Maat, X. J. M. Leijtens, M. R. Leys, Y. S. Oei, and K. M. Smit, "Polarization independent dilated WDM optical cross-connect on InP," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 11, 1599-1601, 1999.
doi:10.1109/68.806859

22. Chandrasekhar, S., M. Zirngibl, A. G. Dentai, C. H. Joyner, F. Storz, C. A. Bums, and L. M. Lunardi, "Monolithic eight-wavelength demultiplexed receiver for dense WDM applications," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 7, 1342-1344, 1995.
doi:10.1109/68.473492

23. Tolstikhin, V. I., "44-channel optical power monitor based on an echelle grating demultiplexer and a waveguide photodetector array monolithically integrated on an InP substrate," Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2003), PD371, Atlanta, USA, 2003.

24. ASIP/Three-Five Photonics, www.rle.mit.edu/cips/conference04/Pennings ASIP.pdf, .

25. Nagarajan, R., C. H. Joyner, R. P. Schneider, Jr., J. S. Bostak, T. Butrie, A. G. Dentai, V. G. Dominic, P. W. Evans, M. Kato, et al. "Large-scale photonic integrated circuits," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron, Vol. 11, 50-65, 2005.
doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2004.841721

28. Nagarajan, R., M. Kato, J. Pleumeekers, P. Evans, D. Lambert, A. Chen, V. Dominic, A. Mathur, P. Chavarkar, M. Missey, A. Dentai, et al. "Single-chip 40-channel InP transmitter photonic integrated circuit capable of aggregate data rate of 1.6 Tbit/s," Electron. Lett., Vol. 42, No. 13, 771-773, 2006.
doi:10.1049/el:20060823

27. Nicholes, S. C., M. L. Ma·sanovic, B. Jevremovic, E. Lively, L. A. Coldren, and D. J. Blumenthal, "The world's first InP8x8 monolithic tunable optical router (MOTOR) operating at 40 Gbps line rate per port," Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2009), PDPB1, San Diego, USA, 2009.

28. Soares, F. M., et al. "Monolithically integrated InP wafer-scale 100-channel x 10-GHz AWG and michelson interferometers for 1-THz-bandwidth optical arbitrary waveform generation," Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC 2009), OThS1, San Diego, USA, 2010.

29. Corzine, S. W., et al. "Large-scale InP transmitter PICs for PM-DQPSK fiber transmission systems," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 22, 1015-1017, 2010.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2010.2048894

30. Hill, M. T., X. J. M. Leijtens, G. D. Khoe, and M. K. Smit, "Optimizing imbalance and loss in 2 x 23 dB multimode interference couplers via access waveguide width," J. Lightwave Technol.,, Vol. 21, 2305-2313, 2003.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2003.818164

31. Barbarin, Y., X. J. M. Leijtens, E. A. J. M. Bente, C. M. Louzao, J. R. Kooiman, and M. K. Smit, "Extremely small AWG demultiplexer fabricated on InP by using a double-etch process," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 16, 2478-2480, 2004.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2004.835217

32. Herben, C. G. P., D. H. P. Maat, X. J. M. Leijtens, M. R. Leys, Y. S. Oei, and M. K. Smit, "Polarization independent dilated WDM cross-connect on InP," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 11, 1599-1601, 1999.
doi:10.1109/68.806859

33. Caprioli, D., J. H. den Besten, E. Smalbrugge, T. de Vries, X. J. M. Leijtens, M. K. Smit, R. van Dijk, F. E. van Vliet, W. Pascher, and J. J. M. Binsma, "A 10 Gb/s travelling wave MZ-Modulator for integration with a laser," Proceedings of the European Conference on Integrated Optics (ECIO 2003), 145-148, Prague, 2003.

34. Heck, M. J. R., A. La Porta, X. J. M. Leijtens, L. M. Augustin, T. de Vries, B. Smalbrugge, Y.-S. Oei, R. Notzel, R. Gaudino, D. J. Robbins, and M. K. Smit, "Monolithic AWG-based discretely tunable laser diode with nanosecond switching speed," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 21, 905-907, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2009.2020299

35. Liu, Y., E. Tangdiongga, M. T. Hill, J. H. C. van Zantvoort, J. H. den Besten, T. de Vries, E. Smalbrugge, Y.-S. Oei, X. J. M. Leijtens, M. K. Smit, A. M. J. Koonen, G. D. Khoe, and H. J. S. Dorren, "Ultrafast all-optical wavelength routing of data packets utilizing an SOA-based wavelength converter and a monolithically integrated optical flip-flop," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 14, No. 3, 801-807, 2008.
doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2008.918240

36. Barbarin, Y., E. A. J. M. Bente, M. J. R. Heck, J. H. den Besten, G. Guidi, Y. S. Oei, J. J. M. Binsma, and M. K. Smit, "Realization and modeling of a 27-GHz integrated passively mode-locked ring laser," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 17, 2277-2279, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2005.857228

37. Augustin, L. M., R. Hanfoug, J. J. G. J. van der Tol, W. J. M. de Laat, and M. K. Smit, "A compact integrated polarization splitter/converter in InGaAsP-InP," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 19, 1286-1288, 2007.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2007.902277

38. ePIXnet Steering Committee, http://www.epixnet.org/uploads/media/visionphotonicsfoundryvs16.doc, .

39. The InP-based platform JePPIX, www.JePPIX.eu, .

40. The Silicon-Photonics Platform ePIXfab, www.epixfab.eu, .

41. The TriPleX platform, www.lionixbv.com/integratedoptics/triplex, .

42. OpSIS --- Optoelectronic Systems Integration in Silicon, http://opsisfoundry.org/, .

43. Smit, M. K., X. Leijtens, E. Bente, H. Ambrosius, D. Robbins, M. J. Wale, N. Grote, and M. Schell, "Generic foundry model for InP-based photonics," IET Optoelectron, Vol. 5, 187, 2011.
doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2010.0068

44. Glisic, B. and D. Inaudi, Fibre Optic Methods for Structural Health Monitoring, Wiley and Sons, Chichester, West Sussex, UK , 2007.
doi:10.1002/9780470517819

45. Sharma, U., E. W. Chang, and S. H. Yun, "Long-wavelength optical coherence tomography at 1.7 μm for enhanced imaging depth," Opt. Express, Vol. 16, 19712-19723, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.16.019712

46. Bente, E., M. Heck, P. Munoz, A. Renault, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, "Fast pulsed mode-locked lasers," Proceedings of the Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (OECC/ACOFT 2008), 1-4, Sydney, 2008.
doi:10.1109/OECCACOFT.2008.4610634

47. Kaminov, I. P., "Optical integrated circuits: A personal perspective," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 26, 994-1004, 2008.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.922149

48. Coldren, L. A., S. C. Nicholes, L. Johansson, S. Ristic, R. S. Guzzon, E. J. Norberg, and U. Krishnamachari, "High performance InP-based photonic ICs --- A tutorial," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 29, 554-570, 2010.

49. Liu, J., "Waveguide-integrated, ultralow-energy GeSi electro-absorption modulators," Nature Photon., Vol. 2, 433-437, 2008.
doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.99

50. Koshida, N. and H. Koyama, "Visible electroluminescence from porous silicon," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 60, 347-349, 1992.
doi:10.1063/1.106652

51. Pavesi, L., L. Dal Negro, C. Mazzoleni, G. Franzo, and F. Priolo, "Optical gain in silicon nanocrystals," Nature, Vol. 408, 440-444, 2000.
doi:10.1038/35044012

52. Zheng, B., J. Michel, F. Y. G. Ren, L. C. Kimerling, D. C. Jacobson, and J. M. Poate, "Room-temperature sharp line electroluminescence at λ=1:54 μm from an erbium-doped, silicon light-emitting diode," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 64, 2842-2844, 1994.
doi:10.1063/1.111977

53. He, G. and H. A. Atwater, "Interband transitions in SnxGe1-x alloys," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 79, 1937-1940, 1997.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.1937

54. Liu, J., X. Sun, R. Camacho-Aguilera, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Ge-on-Si laser operating at room temperature," Opt. Lett., Vol. 35, 679-681, 2010.
doi:10.1364/OL.35.000679

55. Vlasov, Y., W. M. J. Green, and F. Xia, "High-throughput silicon nanophotonic wavelength-insensitive switch for on-chip optical networks," Nature Photon., Vol. 2, 242-246, 2008.
doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.31

56. Batten, C., A. Joshi, J. Orcutt, A. Khilo, B. Moss, C. Holzwarth, M. Popovic, L. Hanqing, H. Smith, J. Hoyt, F. Kartner, R. Ram, V. Stojanovic, and K. Asanovic, "A nanophotonic interconnect for high-performance many-core computation," Proceedings of the 16th Annual IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects (HOTIC 2008), 21-30, Stanford, CA, USA, 2008.

57. Paniccia, M., "Recent progress in silicon photonics," Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology of Silicon Materials (JSPS Si), Kona, Hawaii, USA, 2008.

58. Van Thourhout, D., J. Van Campenhout, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Regreny, C. Seassal, P. Binetti, X. J. M. Leijtens, R. Notzel, M. K. Smit, L. Di Cioccio, C. Lagahe, J.-M. Fedeli, and R. Baets, "BA photonic interconnect layer on CMOS," Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2007), Paper 6.3.1, Berlin, Germany, 2007.

59. Fang, A. W., B. R. Koch, R. Jones, E. Lively, D. Liang, Y.-H. Kuo, and J. E. Bowers, "A distributed Bragg reflector silicon evanescent laser," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 20, No. 20, 1667-1669, 2008.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2008.2003382

60. Bordas, F., "Compact passive devices in InP membrane on silicon," Proceedings of the 35th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2009), 1-2, Vienna, Austria, 2009.

61. Pello, J., M. Muneeb, S. Keyvaninia, J. G. M. van der Tol, G. Roelkens, and M. K. Smit, "Planar concave grating demultiplexers on an InP-membrane-on-silicon photonic platform," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 25, No. 20, 1969-1972, 2013.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2013.2280765

62. Pello, J., J. van der Tol, S. Keyvaninia, R. van Veldhoven, H. Ambrosius, G. Roelkens, and M. K. Smit, "High-efficiency ultrasmall polarization converter in InP membrane," Opt. Lett., Vol. 37, No. 17, 3711-3713, 2012.
doi:10.1364/OL.37.003711

63. Van der Tol, J., R. Zhang, J. Pello, F. Bordas, G. Roelkens, H. Ambrosius, P. Thijs, and F. Karouta M. K. Smit, "Photonic integration in indium-phosphide membranes on silicon," IET Optoelectron., Vol. 5, No. 5, 218-225, 2011.
doi:10.1049/iet-opt.2010.0056

64. Smit, M. K., J. van der Tol, and M. Hill, "Moore's law in photonics," Laser & Phot. Rev., Vol. 6, 1-13, 2012.
doi:10.1002/lpor.201100001