volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

The reflectivity of a Spherical Lens Reflector is investigated. The scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a Spherical Lens Reflector is treated as a classical boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations. No restrictions are imposed on the electrical size of reflectors and the angular size of the metallic spherical cap. The competitiveness of the Spherical Lens Reflector against the Luneberg Lens Reflector is demonstrated. It has been found that Spherical Lens Reflectors with relative dielectric constant in the range 3.4 ≤ ε_r ≤ 3.7 possess better spectral performance than 3- or 5-layer Luneberg Lens Reflectors in a wide frequency range.

1. Bekefi, G. and G. W. Farnell, "A homogeneous dielectric sphere as a microwave lens," Can. J. Physics., Vol. 34, 790-803, 1956.

2. Sanford, J. R., "Analysis of spherical radar cross-section enhancers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 43, No. 6, 1400-1403, 1995.

3. Sakurai, H., T. Hashidate, M. Ohki, K. Motojima, and S. Kozaki, "Electromagnetic scattering by the Luneberg Lens with reflecting cap," IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 40, No. 2, 94-96, 1998.
doi:10.1109/15.673612

4. Liang, C. S., D. A. Streater, J.-M. Jin, E. Dunn, and T. Rozendal, "A quantitative study of Luneberg-Lens Reflectors," IEEE Antenna Propag. Mag., Vol. 47, No. 2, 30-41, 2005.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2005.1487776

5. Smith, P. D. and S. S. Vinogradov, "A rigorous treatment of electromagnetic scattering by the Luneberg Lens Reflector," Proc. of Int. Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Vol. 1, 390-392, 1998.

6. Vinogradov, S. S., P. D. Smith, and E. D. Vinogradova, Canonical Problems in Scattering and Potential Theory, Part II: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Diffraction by Canonical Structures, Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002.

7. Assaly, R. N., "Experimental investigation of a homogeneous dielectric sphere as a microwave lens," Can. J. Phys., Vol. 36, 1430-1435, 1958.

8. Cheston, T. C., "Constant-K," APL Tech. Dig., 8-11, 1963.

9. Schoenlinner, B., X. Wu, J. P. Ebling, G. V. Eleftheriades, and G. M. Rebeiz, "Wide-scan spherical-lens antennas for automotive radars," IEEE Trans. on MTT, Vol. 50, No. 9, 2166-2175, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2002.802331

10. Shavit, R., "Dielectric spherical lens antenna for wireless millimeter-wave communications," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 38, No. 1, 28-33, 2003.
doi:10.1002/mop.11117

11. Michel, F., G. Reidemeister, and S. Ohkubo, "Luneburg Lens approach to nuclear rainbow scattering," Phys. Rev. Letters, Vol. 89, No. 15, 152701-1, 2002.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.152701

12. Ji, Y. and K. Hongo, "Field in the focal region of a dielectric spherical lens," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 8, No. 11, 1721-1728, 1991.

13. Gizesik, J. A., "Focusing properties of a three-parameter class of oblate, Luneberg-like inhomogeneous lenses," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 8, 1005-1019, 2005.
doi:10.1163/156939305775526089

14. Nikolic, N., J. S. Kot, and S. Vinogradov, "Scattering by a Luneberg Lens partially covered by a metallic cap," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 4, 549-563, 2007.

15. Boutayeb, A.-C. T. and K. Mahdjoubi, "Focusing characteristics of a metallic cylindrical electromagnetic band gap structure with defects," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 66, 89-103, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06100504

Dr. Sergei Vinogradov

Professor Paul Smith

Dr. John Kot

Dr. Nasiha Nikolic