volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

A conformal cylindrical dipole array is developed in this paper. Because the conformal dipole array is curved, new far field pattern behaviors emerge. In this paper, we start to analyse the equations for the far field of the conformal dipole array by using the method of moments (MoM) with a dyadic Green's function, and then validate the accuracy of the far field expressions. Next, a novel Gauss amplitude distribution, which is capable to yield a desired far field radiation pattern when the array structure has a relative small cylindrical radius, is proposed. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can provide good aperture distributions to obtain low sidelobe level.

1. Kumar, W., "Preface," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-22, No. 1, 1-3, 1974.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1974.1140744 Google Scholar

2. Raffaelli, S., "Analysis and measurements of conformal patch array antennas on multiplayer circular cylinder," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 3, 1105-1113, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.841337 Google Scholar

3. Erturk, V. B., R. G. Rojas, and K. W. Lee, "Analysis of finite arrays of axially directed printed dipoles on electrically large circular cylinders," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 10, 2586-2595, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.834443 Google Scholar

4. Liu, Z.-F., P.-S. Kooi, L.-W. Li, M.-S. Leong, and T.-S. Yeo, "A method of moments analysis of a microstrip phased array in three-layered structures," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 31, 155-179, 2001.
doi:10.2528/PIER00062201 Google Scholar

5. Macon, C. A., L. C. Kempel, S. W. Schneider, and K. D. Trott, "Modeling conformal antennas on metallic prolate spheroid surfaces using a hybrid finite element method," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 52, No. 3, 750-758, 2004.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.822441 Google Scholar

6. Yu, W., Y. Liu, T. Su, N.-T. Huang, and R. Mittra, "A robust parallel conformal FDTD algorithm and its application to electrically large antenna array simulation," IEEE 2004 Antenna Propagat. Symp., Vol. 1, No. 6, 1030-1033, 2004. Google Scholar

7. Papakanellos, P. I., I. I. Heretakis, and P. K. Varlamos, "A combined method of auxiliary soures-reaction matching approach for analyzing moderately large-scale arrays of cylindrical dipoles," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 59, 51-67, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05091501 Google Scholar

8. Gupta, R. C. and S. P. Singh, "Elliptically bent slotted waveguide conformal focused array for hyperthermia treatment of tumors in curved region of human body," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 62, 107-125, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06012801 Google Scholar

9. Toyama, H. and K. Yasumoto, "Electromagnetic scattering from periodic arrays of composite circular cylinder with internal cylindrical scatterers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 52, 321-333, 2005.
doi:10.2528/PIER04100101 Google Scholar

10. Athanasopoulos, N. C. and N. K. Uzunoglu, "Development of a phased array full duplex-conformal 10 GHz antenna system incorporating radiation pattern optimization algorithms," Radar Conference, No. 10, 307-310, 2005.

11. Vaskelainen, L. I., "Iterative least-squares synthesis methods for conformal array antennas with optimized polarization and frequency properties," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 7, 1179-1185, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.596912 Google Scholar

12. Athanasopoulos, N. C., N. K. Uzunoglu, and J. D. Kanellopoulos, "Development of a 10 GHz phased array cylindrical antenna system in corporating IF phase processing," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 59, 17-38, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05102403 Google Scholar

13. Bucci, O. M.G. D'Elia, and G. Romito, "Power synthesis of conformal arrays by a generalized projection method," IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas and Propag., Vol. 142, No. 6, 467-471, 1995.

14. Ferreira, J. A. and F. Ares, "Pattern synthesis of conformal arrays by the simulated annealing technique," Electronic Letters, Vol. 33, No. 14, 1187-1189, 1997.
doi:10.1049/el:19970838 Google Scholar

15. Yan, K.-K. and Y. Lu, "Sidelobe reduction in array-pattern synthesis using genetic algorithms," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 45, No. 7, 1117-1122, 1997.
doi:10.1109/8.596902 Google Scholar

16. Allard, R. J., D. H. Werner, and P. L. Werner, "Radiation pattern synthesis for arrays of conformal antennas mounted on arbitrarilyshaped three-dimensional platforms using genetic algorithms," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 5, 1054-1062, 2003.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.811510 Google Scholar

17. Mitilineos, S. A., S. C. A. Thomopoulos, and C. N. Capsalis, "Genetic design of dual-band, switched-beam dipole arrays, with elements failure correction, retaining constant excitation coefficients," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 14, 1925-1942, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322738 Google Scholar

18. Ayestaran, R. G., J. Laviada, and F. Las-Heras, "Synthesis of passive-dipole arrays with a genetic-neural hybrid method," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 15, 2123-2135, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322549 Google Scholar

19. Boeringer, D. W. and D. H. Werner, "Efficiency-constrained particle swarm optimization of a modified Bernstain polynomial for conformal array excitation amplitude synthesis," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 53, No. 8, 2662-2673, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.851783 Google Scholar

20. Boeringer, D. W. and D. H. Werner, "Bezier representations for the multiobjective optimization of conformal array amplitude weights," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 54, No. 7, 1964-1970, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2006.877173 Google Scholar

21. Gozasht, F., G. Dadashzadeh, and S. Nikmhr, "A comprehensive performance study of circular and hexagonal array geometries in the LMS algorithm for smart antenna applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 68, 281-296, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER06091002 Google Scholar

22. Huang, M. D. and S. Y. Tan, "An improved spherical antenna array for wideband phase mode processing," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 59, 17-38, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05102403 Google Scholar

23. Dessouky, M., H. Sharshar, and Y. Albagory, "A novel tapered beamforming window for uniform concentric circular arrays," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 14, 2077-2089, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322701 Google Scholar

24. Pozar, D. M., "Analysis of finite phased arrays of printed dipoles," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-33, No. 10, 1045-1053, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143501 Google Scholar

25. Nakatini, A., N. G. Alezopoulos, N. K. Uzunoglu, and P. L. E. Uslenghi, "Accurate Green's function computation for printed circuit antennas on cylindrical antennas," Electromagnetics, Vol. 6, No. 7, 243-254, 1986.
doi:10.1080/02726348608915215 Google Scholar

26. Rana, I. E. and N. G. Alezopoulos, "Current distribution and input impedance of printed dipole," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-29, No. 1, 933-946, 1981. Google Scholar

27. Naishadham, K. and L. Felsen, "Dispersion of waves guided along a cylindrical substrate-superstrate layered medium," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 41, No. 3, 304-313, 1993.
doi:10.1109/8.233133 Google Scholar

28. Habashy, T. M., S. M. Ali, and J. A. Kong, "Input impedance and radiation pattern of cylindrical-rectangular and wraparound microstrip antennas," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-38, No. 5, 722-731, 1990.
doi:10.1109/8.53500 Google Scholar

29. Ashkenazy, J., S. Shtrikman, and D. Treves, "Electric surface current model for the analysis of microstrip antennas on cylindrical bodies," IEEE Transctions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-33, No. 3, 295-300, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143573 Google Scholar

Prof. Qing-Qiang He

Professor Bing-Zhong Wang