volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, method of moment and modified physical optical hybrid method is used to analyze the scattering from 3-D PEC object buried under rough surface. The random rough ground surface is characterized with Gaussian statistics for surface height and for surface correlation function. The air-earth interface and the object are all replaced by the corresponding equivalent currents and the equivalent current on the ground surface is divided into two parts: the current caused by the incident wave which is named as incident current, and the current caused by buried object which is named as scattered current. The incident currents are obtained by PO approximation and the scattered currents are related to the current on the buried scatter by a modified PO method in this work. Only the current of scatter is considered as unknown and will be solved by MoM. After obtaining the current of scatter, the scattered current on the ground surface is calculated by the modified PO approximation. And the scatter field will be calculated by using the scattered current. In order to validate the hybrid method proposed in this paper, several numerical examples are given and compared with the results of MoM.

1. Van den Bosch, S. Lambot, M. Acheroy, I. Huynen, and P. Druyts, "Accurate and efficient modeling of monostatic GPR signal of dielectric targets buried in stratified media," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 3, 283-290, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306775701704 Google Scholar

2. Chen, X., D. Liang, and K. Huang, "Microwave imaging 3- D buried objects using parallel genetic algorithm combined with FDTD technique," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 13, 1761-1774, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779292264 Google Scholar

3. Chen, X., K. Huang, and X.-B. Xu, "Microwave imaging of buried inhomogeneous objects using parallel genetic algorithm combined with FDTD method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 53, 283-298, 2005.
doi:10.2528/PIER04102902 Google Scholar

4. Thomas, V., J. Yohannan, A. Lonappan, G. Bindu, and K. T. Mathew, "Localization of the investigation domain in electromagnetic imaging of buried 2-D dielectric pipelines with circular cross section," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 61, 111-131, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER05110801 Google Scholar

5. Cui, T. J., W. Wiesbeck, and A. Herschlein, "Electromagnetic scattering by multiple dielectric and conducting objects buried under multi-layered media — Part I: Theory; Part II: Numerical implementation and results," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 36, No. 3, 526-546, 1998. Google Scholar

6. Cui, T. J. and W. C. Chew, "Fast evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals for EM scattering and radiation by three-dimensional buried objects," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 37, No. 3, 877-900, 1999. Google Scholar

7. Zhang, Y. H., B. X. Xiao, and G. Q. Zhu, "An improved weak-form BCGS-FFT combined with DCIM for analyzing electromagnetic scattering by 3-D objects in planarly layered media," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 44, No. 12, 3540-3546, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2006.881124 Google Scholar

8. Zhang, G., L. Tsang, and K. Pak, "Angular correlation function and scattering coefficient of electromagnetic waves scattered by a buried object under a two-dimensional rough surface," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., Vol. 15, No. 12, 2995-3002, 1998.
doi:10.1364/JOSAA.15.002995 Google Scholar

9. El-Shenawee, M., C. Rappaport, E. L. Mille, and M. B. Silevitch, "Three-dimensional subsurface analysis of electromagnetic scattering from penetrable/PEC objects buried under rough surfaces: Use of the steepest descent fast multipole method," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 39, No. 6, 1174-1182, 2001.
doi:10.1109/36.927436 Google Scholar

10. El-Shenawee, M., "The multiple interaction model for nonshallow scatterers buried beneath 2-D random rough surfaces," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 40, No. 4, 982-987, 2002.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2002.1006396 Google Scholar

11. Jakobus, U. and F. M. Landstorfer, "Improved PO-MM hybrid formulation for scattering from three-dimensional perfectly conducting bodies of arbitrary shape," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 43, No. 2, 162-169, 1995.
doi:10.1109/8.366378 Google Scholar

12. Jakobus, U. and F. M. Landstorfer, "Improvement of the POMoM hybrid method by accounting for effects of perfectly conducting wedges," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 43, No. 10, 1123-1129, 1995.
doi:10.1109/8.467649 Google Scholar

13. Taboada, J. M., F. Obelleiro, and J. L. Rodriguez, "Improvement of the hybrid moment method-physical optics method through a novel evaluation of the physical optics operator," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 30, No. 5, 357-363, 2001.
doi:10.1002/mop.1314 Google Scholar

14. Wei, X. C. and E. P. Li, "Wide-band EMC analysis of on-platform antennas using impedance-matrix interpolation with the moment method-physical optics method," IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 45, No. 3, 552-556.
doi:10.1109/TEMC.2003.815598 Google Scholar

15. Zhai, H. and C. Liang, "A simple iterative method for considering multibounce in PO region of MoM-PO," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 40, No. 2, 110-112, 2004.
doi:10.1002/mop.11299 Google Scholar

16. Djordjevic, M. and B. M. Notaros, "Higher order hybrid method of moments-physical optics modeling technique for radiation and scattering from large perfectly conducting surfaces," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 53, No. 2, 800-813, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2004.841318 Google Scholar

17. Chen, H. T., J. X. Luo, and G. Q. Zhu, "Using UV technique to accelerate the MM-PO method for three-dimensional radiation and scattering problem," Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 48, No. 8, 1615-1618, 2006.
doi:10.1002/mop.21685 Google Scholar

18. Chen, M., X. W. Zhao, Y. Zhang, and C.-H. Liang, "Analysis of antenna around NURBS surface with iterative MoM-PO technique," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 12, 1667-1680, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779292372 Google Scholar

19. Rao, S. M., D. R. Wilton, and A. W. Glisson, "Electromagnetic scattering by surface of arbitrary shape," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 30, No. 2, 409-418, 1982.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1982.1142818 Google Scholar

20. King, R. W. P. and M. F. Brown, "Lateral electromagnetic waves along plane boundaries: A summarizing approach," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 72, No. 5, 595-611, 1984.

Dr. Hai Chen

Dr. Guo-Qiang Zhu