volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

For maneuvering target Doppler-bearing tracking with signal time delay, a novel approach called ISE-IMM is proposed in this paper. The iterative state estimation (ISE) method is designed to eliminate the negative influence of time delay effect and an interacting multiple model (IMM) filter is embedded to estimate the state according to the measurements of the delayed signal. The nonlinear filter preferred in this paper is a particle filter (PF) with an improved resampling procedure. Performance of our proposed method is evaluated in Monte Carlo simulations. Results show the effectiveness and stability of ISE-IMM-PF in combating the negative effect of signal time delay.

1. Chan, Y. K. and S. Y.Lim, "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal generation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 1, 269-290, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB07102301 Google Scholar

2. Abdelaziz, A. A., "Improving the performance of an antenna array by using radar absorbing cover," PIER Letters, Vol. 1, 129-138, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL07112503 Google Scholar

3. Shi, Z. G., S. Qiao, K. S. Chen, W. Z. Cui, W. Ma, T. Jiang, and L. X. Ran, "Ambiguity functions of direct chaotic radar employing microwave chaotic Colpitts oscillator," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 77, 1-14, 2007.
doi:10.2528/PIER07072001 Google Scholar

4. Garenaux, K., T. Merlet, and M. Alouini, "Recent breakthroughs in RF photonics for radar systems," IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 2, 3-8, 2007.
doi:10.1109/MAES.2007.323292 Google Scholar

5. Wang, C. J., B. Y. Wen, Z. G. Ma, W. D. Yan, and X. J. Huang, "Measurement of river surface current with FWCW radar system," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 3, 375-386, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307779367350 Google Scholar

6. Wang, X., X. Guan, X. Ma, D. Wang, and Y. Su, "Calculating the poles of complex radar targets," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 20, No. 14, 2065-2076, 2006.
doi:10.1163/156939306779322657 Google Scholar

7. Singh, A. K., P. Kumar, T. Chakravarty, G. Singh, and S. Bhooshan, "A novel digital beamformer with low angle resolution for vehicle tracking radar," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 66, 229-237, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06112102 Google Scholar

8. Turkmen, I. and K. Guney, "Tabu search tracker with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for multiple target tracking," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 65, 169-185, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06090601 Google Scholar

9. Stratakos, Y., G. Geroulis, and N. Uzunoglu, "Analysis of glint phenomenon in a monopulse radar in the presence of skin echo and non-ideal interferometer echo signals," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 19, No. 5, 697-711, 2005.
doi:10.1163/1569393053305008 Google Scholar

10. Jauffret, C. and Y. Bar-Shalom, "Track formation with bearing and frequency measurements in clutter," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 26, No. 6, 999-1010, 1990.
doi:10.1109/7.62252 Google Scholar

11. Ristic, B., S. Arulampalam, and N. Gordon, Beyond the Kalman Filter: Particle Filters for Tracking Applications, Artech House, 2004.

12. Arulampalam, M. S., B. Ristic, N. Gordon, and T. Mansell, "Bearings-only tracking of manoeuvring targets using particle filters," EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, 2351-2365, 2004.
doi:10.1155/S1110865704405095 Google Scholar

13. Ristic, B. and M. S. Arulampalam, "Tracking a manoeuvring target using angle-only measurements: Algorithms and performance," Signal Processing, Vol. 83, 1223-1238, 2003.
doi:10.1016/S0165-1684(03)00042-2 Google Scholar

14. Chan, Y. T. and S. W. Rudnicki, "Bearings-only and Doppler-bearing tracking using instrumental variables," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1076-1083, 1992.
doi:10.1109/7.165369 Google Scholar

15. Jauffret, C. and D. Pillon, "Observability in passive target motion analysis," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 32, No. 4, 1290-1300, 1996.
doi:10.1109/7.543850 Google Scholar

16. Guo, Y., A. Xue, and D. Peng, "A recursive algorithm for bearings-only tracking with signal time delay," Signal Processing, Vol. 88, 1539-1552, 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.01.003 Google Scholar

17. Blom, H. A. P. and Y. Bar-Shalom, "The interacting multiple model algorithm for systems with Markovian switching coefficients," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 33, No. 8, 780-783, 1988.
doi:10.1109/9.1299 Google Scholar

18. Bar-Shalom, Y., X. R. Li, and T. Kirubarajan, Estimation with Applications to Tracking and Navigation: Theory Algorithms and Software, Wiley, 2001.

19. Yang, N., W. Tian, and Z. Jin, "An interacting multiple model particle filter for maneuvering target location," Meas. Sci. Technol., Vol. 17, 1307-1311, 2006.
doi:10.1088/0957-0233/17/6/003 Google Scholar

20. Blom, H. A. P. and E. A. Bloem, "Exact Bayesian and particle filtering of stochastic hybrid system," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 43, No. 1, 55-70, 2007.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2007.357154 Google Scholar

21. Li, X. R. and Y. Bar-Sharlom, "Design of an interacting multiple model algorithm for air traffic control tracking," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, 186-194, 1993.
doi:10.1109/87.251886 Google Scholar

22. Li, X. R. and V. P. Jilkov, "Survey of maneuvering target tracking Part V: Multiple-model methods," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1255-1321, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAES.2005.1561886 Google Scholar

23. Li, X. R. and Y. Bar-Sharlom, "Multiple-model estimation with variable structure," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1996. Google Scholar

24. Shi, Z. G., S. H. Hong, and K. S. Chen, "Tracking airborne targets hidden in blind Doppler using current statistical model particle filter," Progress In Electromagenetics Research, Vol. 82, 227-240, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08012407 Google Scholar

25. Arulampalam, M. S., S. Maskell, N. Gordon, and T. Clapp, "A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 50, No. 2, 174-188, 2002.
doi:10.1109/78.978374 Google Scholar

26. Gordon, N. J., D. J. Salmond, and A. F. M. Smith, "Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation," IEE Proceedings-F, Vol. 140, No. 2, 107-113, 1993. Google Scholar

27. Hong, S. H., Z. G. Shi, and K. S. Chen, "Novel roughening algorithm and hardware architecture for bearings-only tracking using particle filter," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 22, 411-422, 2008.
doi:10.1163/156939308784160857 Google Scholar

28. Zang, W., Z. G. Shi, S. C. Du, and K. S. Chen, "Novel roughening method for reentry vehicle tracking using particle filter," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 14, 1969-1981, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307783152975 Google Scholar

29. Gustafsson, F., F. Gunnarsson, N. Bergman, U. Forssell, J. Jansson, R. Karlsson, and R. J. Nordlund, "Particle filters for positioning, navigation, and tracking," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 50, No. 2, 425-437, 2002.
doi:10.1109/78.978396 Google Scholar

30. Boers, Y. and J. N. Driessen, "Interacting multiple model particle filter," IEE Proc. --- Radar Navig., Vol. 150, No. 5, 344-349, 2003.
doi:10.1049/ip-rsn:20030741 Google Scholar

31. Du, S. C., Z. G. Shi, W. Zang, and K. S. Chen, "Using interacting multiple model particle filter to track airborne targets hidden in blind Doppler," Journal of Zhejiang University --- Science A, Vol. 8, No. 8, 1277-1282, 2007.
doi:10.1631/jzus.2007.A1277 Google Scholar

32. Liu, J. S. and R. Chen, "Sequential Monte Carlo methods for dynamic systems," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 93, 1032-1044, 1998.
doi:10.2307/2669847 Google Scholar

33. Shensa, M. J., "On uniqueness of Doppler tracking," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 70, No. 4, 1062-1064, 1981.
doi:10.1121/1.386550 Google Scholar

34. Passerieux, J. M., D. Pillon, P. Blanc-Benon, and C. Jauffret, "Target motion analysis with bearings and frequencies measurements," Signals, Systems and Computers, 1988. Twenty-Second Asilomar Conference, Vol. 1, 458-462, 1988.
doi:10.1109/ACSSC.1988.754037 Google Scholar

Dr. Suzhi Bi

Dr. Xiao Yi Ren