volume | PIER Journals

2010-09-10

Adaptive Beam Steering of RLSA Antenna with RFID Technology

Mohd Faizal Bin Jamlos,

Dr. Mohd Faizal Bin Jamlos

University Technology Malaysia (UTM)

Malaysia

Homepage

Tharek Bin Abdul Rahman,

Professor Tharek Bin Abdul Rahman

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Malaysia

Homepage

Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin,

Dr. Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin

Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Malaysia

Homepage

P. Saad,

Dr. P. Saad

Software Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Malaysia

Homepage

Omar Abdul Aziz,

Dr. Omar Abdul Aziz

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Malaysia

Homepage

M. Amir Shamsudin

Dr. M. Amir Shamsudin

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Malaysia

Homepage

Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 65-80, 2010

doi:10.2528/PIER10071903 | Google Scholar

Abstract

A form of a novel adaptive antenna system that combines radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, programmable intelligent computer (PIC) microcontroller and reconfigurable beam steering antenna is proposed. Localization and adaptive response are the most challenging issues in smart antenna system. In this research, the localization technique relying on the received signal strength (RSS) signals has been done intensively where the capability of the RFID tag in producing certain level of signal strength has been exploited as a stimulator for the system to adaptively activate certain PIN diode switches of reconfigurable beam steering antenna. It is found that the detecting ability of the RSSI signals is extremely influenced by the 45°angle of the RFID reader's directive antenna. The combination of four 90°triangles which have 'adjacent' and 'opposite' angle of 45°forming pyramid antenna which has four sections; 1, 2, 3 and 4 enable the RFID readers to receive the RSS signals from the angles of 0°/360°, 90°, 180°and 270°respectively. When the RFID tag is directly facing a certain section, certain RSS signals will 'flow' from particular section into their respected RFID readers to automatically detect the range and angles' location of the RFID tag through the input ports of PIC microcontroller: A1, A4, C4 and C7. The PIN diode switches of the reconfigurable beam steering antenna are then activated by the output ports of PIC microcontroller: B0 up to B4, to steer the beam adaptively towards the RFID tag at four different angles: 0°/360°, 90°, 180°, and 270°according to the algorithm programmed in the microcontroller. It is found that the Ground Reflection (Two-Ray) propagation model is very crucial in determining the projection and height of reconfigurable antenna to efficiently cover the scattered measurement points of 1 up to 10 at four angles with different ranges of distance. The proposed antenna has a great potential in realizing the new smart antenna system replacing the conventional adaptive array antenna and Wimax application.

Download Full Article (626) View Full Article volume

Citation

Copy Export

Mohd Faizal Bin Jamlos, Tharek Bin Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin, P. Saad, Omar Abdul Aziz, and M. Amir Shamsudin, "Adaptive Beam Steering of RLSA Antenna with RFID Technology," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 108, 65-80, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10071903

References

1. Jamlos, M. F., O. A. Aziz, T. A. Rahman, M. R. Kamarudin, P. Saad, M. T. Ali, and M. N. Md Tan, "A beam steering radial line slot array (RLSA) antenna with reconfigurable operating frequency," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 8-9, 1079-1088, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791586034 Google Scholar

2. Jeon, S.-S., Y. X. Wang, Y. X. Qian, and T. Itoh, "A novel smart antenna system implementation for broad-band wireless communications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 50, No. 5, 2002. Google Scholar

3. Tayebi, A., J. Gomez, F. Saez De Adana, and O. Gutierrez, "The application of ray-tracing to mobile localization using the direction of arrival and received signal strength in multipath indoor environments," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 91, 1-15, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09020301 Google Scholar

4. Seow, C. K. and S. Y. Tan, "Localization of omni-directional mobile device in multipath environments," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 85, 323-348, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08090302 Google Scholar

5. Song, H. B., H.-G. Wang, K. Hong, and L. Wang, "A novel source localization scheme based on unitary esprit and city electronic maps in urban environments," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 243-262, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09051703 Google Scholar

6. Bi, S. Z. and X. Y. Ren, "Maneuvering target doppler-bearing tracking with signal time delay using Interacting multiple model algorithms," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 87, 15-41, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08091501 Google Scholar

7. Ouyang, J., F. Yang, S. W. Yang, Z. P. Nie, and Z. Q. Zhao, "A novel radiation pattern and frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna on a thin substrate for wide-band and wide-angle scanning application," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 4, 167-172, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERL08101201 Google Scholar

8. Alfred, Q. M., K. Bishayee, T. Chakravarty, and S. K. Sanyal, "A dsp based study of pattern nulling and pattern shaping using transform domain window technique," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 2, 31-45, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERC08031302 Google Scholar

9. Hyeon, S., Y. Yun, and S. Choi, "Novel automatic calibration technique for smart antenna systems," Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 19, No. 1, 14-21, Elsevier, 2009.
doi:10.1016/j.dsp.2007.10.006 Google Scholar

10. Jeon, S.-S., Y. X. Wang, Y. X. Qian, and T. Itoh, "A novel planar array smart antenna system with hybrid analog-digital beamforming," IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 1, 121-124, 2001. Google Scholar

11. Abdolee, R., W.-P. Zhu, and M. Sawan, "Digital beam-forming implementation for downlink smart antenna system," 52nd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 615-619, 2009.
doi:10.1109/MWSCAS.2009.5236019 Google Scholar

12. Helhel, S., Ş. Özen, and H. Göksu, "Investigation of GSM signal variation dry and wet earth effects," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 1, 147-157, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIERB07101503 Google Scholar

13. Wu, R.-H., Y.-H. Lee, H.-W. Tseng, Y.-G. Jan, and M.-H. Chuang, "Study of characteristics of RSSI signal," IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (IEEE ICIT), 1-3, 2008. Google Scholar

14. Nafarieh, A. and J. Ilow, "A testbed for localizing wireless LAN devices using received signal strength," IEEE Communication Networks and Services Research Conference, 481-487, 2008. Google Scholar

15. Bouchereau, F. and D. Brady, "Bounds on range-resolution degradation using RSSI measurements," IEEE International Conference on Communications, Vol. 6, 3246-3250, 2004. Google Scholar

16. Ridgers, T. J., C. Boucey, J.-P. Frambach, L. R. Du Roscoat, and P. Gamand, "Challenges in integrating embedded RF within a SOC," IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 547-550, 2008. Google Scholar

17. Zhang, L. and Z. Wang, "Integration of RFID into wireless sensor networks: Architectures, opportunities and challenging problems," IEEE Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing Workshops (GCCW), 463-469, 2006.
doi:10.1109/GCCW.2006.58 Google Scholar