volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

Chipless ultra-wideband (UWB) has been proposed as a low-cost alternative for radiofrequency identification (RFID). In this paper, a comprehensible theoretical introduction to time-domain operation of a UWB RFID tag is described, and a circuit model is proposed. For commercial applications low-cost RFID readers are demanded. To this end, this paper addresses the measurement of time-coded UWB chipless tags for RFID in time domain. Two different setups to detect time-coded tags are presented, one based on a commercial UWB impulse radar (IR) and the other based on a vector network analyzer (VNA). The experimental results show the feasibility of using an IRUWB radar as a UWB RFID reader, achieving very good read ranges.

1. Finkenzeller, K., RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards, Radio Frequency Identification and Near-field Communication, 3rd Ed., Wiley, 2010.

2. Vita, G. D. and G. Iannaccone, "Design criteria for the RF section of UHF and microwave passive RFID transponders," IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., Vol. 53 , No. 9, 2978-2990, 2005.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.854229 Google Scholar

3. Collins, J., Alien cuts tag price, RFID J., Apr. 2004. [Online]. Available: http://www.r¯djournal.com/article/articleview/857/1/1/, (accessed Apr. 2008) .

4. Lazaro, A., D. Girbau, and R. Villarino, "Effects of interferences in UHF RFID systems," Progress In Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 98, 435-443, 2009. Google Scholar

5. Lazaro, A., D. Girbau, and D. Salinas, "Radio link budgets for UHF RFID on multipath environments," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop., Vol. 57, No. 4, 1241-1251, 2009.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2015818 Google Scholar

6. Lorenzo, J., D. Girbau, A. Lazaro, and R. Villarino, "Read range reduction in UHF RFID due to antenna detuning and gain penalty," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 53, No. 1, 144-148, 2011.
doi:10.1002/mop.25625 Google Scholar

7. Lazaro, A., D. Girbau, and R. Villarino, "Wavelet-based breast tumor localization technique using a UWB radar," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 98, 75-95, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09100705 Google Scholar

8. Fontana, R. J. and Recent system applications of short-pulse ultrawideband (UWB) technology, IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., Vol. 52, No. 9, 2087-2104, Sep. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.834186 Google Scholar

9. Sahinoglu, Z., S. Gezici, and I. Guvenc, Ultra-wideband Positioning Systems, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

10. Preradovic, S., I. Balbin, N. C. Karmakar, and G. F. Swiegers, "Multiresonator-based chipless RFID system for low-cost item tracking," IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., Vol. 57, No. 5, 1411-1419, May 2009.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2009.2017323 Google Scholar

11. Balbin, I. and N. Karmakar, "Novel chipless RFID tag for conveyor belt tracking using multi-resonant dipole antenna," Proceedings of the 39th European Microwave Conference, 1109-1112, Oct. 2009. Google Scholar

12. Hu, S., Y. Zhou, C. L. Law, and W. Dou, "Study of a uniplanar monopole antenna for passive chipless UWB-RFID localization system," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 58, No. 2, 271-278, 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2009.2037760 Google Scholar

13. Zhang, L., S. Rodriguez, H. Tenhunen, and L.-R. Zheng, "An innovative fully printable RFID technology based on high speed time-domain reflection," HDP'06, Conference on High Density Microsystem Design and Packaging and Component Failure Analysis, 166-170, 2006.
doi:10.1109/HDP.2006.1707587 Google Scholar

14. Hu, S., C. L. Law, and W. Dou, "Petaloid antenna for passive UWB-RFID tags," Electronics Letters,, Vol. 43, No. 22, Oct. 2007. Google Scholar

15. Hu, S., C. L. Law, and W. Dou, "A balloon-shaped monopole antenna for passive UWB-RFID tag applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 7, 366-368, 2008. Google Scholar

16. Hu, S., Y. Zou, C. L. Law, and W. Dou, "IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,", Vol. 58, No. 2, 271-278, 2010. Google Scholar

17. Dardari, D. and R. D'Errico, "Passive ultrawide bandwidth RFID," IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBE-COM), 1-6, 2008. Google Scholar

18. Hartmann, C. S., "A global SAWID tag with large data capacity," Proc. IEEE Ultrason. Symp., Vol. 1, 65-69, Munich, Germany, Oct. 2002. Google Scholar

19. Reindl, L., G. Scholl, T. Ostertag, H. Scherr, U. Wolff, and F. Schmidt, "Theory and application of passive SAW radio transponders as sensors," IEEE Trans. on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 45, No. 5, 1281-1292, Sep. 1998.
doi:10.1109/58.726455 Google Scholar

20. Reindl, L., C. C. W. Ruppel, S. Berek, U. Knauer, M. Vossiek, P. Heide, and L. Oréans, "Design, fabrication, and application of precise SAW delay lines used in an FMCW radar system," IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech., Vol. 49, No. 4, 787-794, Apr. 2001.
doi:10.1109/22.915465 Google Scholar

21. Rao, K. V. S., P. V. Nikitin, and S. M. Lam, "Antenna design for UHF RFID tags: A review and a practical application," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop., Vol. 53, No. 12, 3870-3876, Dec. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.859919 Google Scholar

22. Green, R. B., "Relationships between antennas as scatterers and radiators," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop., Vol. 14, No. 1, 17-21, Jan. 1966.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1966.1138619 Google Scholar

23. Collin, R. E. and F. Zucker, "The Receiving Antenna, Antenna Theory," Part 1, McGraw-Hill, New-York, 1969. Google Scholar

24. Hansen, R. C., "Scattering from conjugate-matched antennas," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, No. 5, 659-662, May 1989.

25. Hong, T., S.C. X. Gong, W. Jiang, Y.-X. Xu, and X. Wang, "A novel ultra-wide band antenna with reduced radar cross section," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 96, 299-308, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09082702 Google Scholar

26. Marynowski, W. and J. Mazur, "Design of uwb coplanar antenna with reduced ground plane," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 13, 1707-1713, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309789566905 Google Scholar

27. Jiang, W., S.-X. Gong, Y.-P. Li, T. Hong, X. Wang, and L.-T. Jiang, "A novel low RCS mobius-band monopole antenna," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 14/15, 1887-1895, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309789932340 Google Scholar

28. Jiang, W., T. Hong, Y. Liu, S.-X. Gong, Y. Guan, and S. Cui, "A novel technique for radar cross section reduction of printed antennas," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 1, 51-60, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310790322145 Google Scholar

29. Liu, Y., D. M. Fu, and S. X. Gong, "A novel model for analyzing the radar cross section of microstrip antenna," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 17, No. 9, 1301-1310, 2003.
doi:10.1163/156939303322520043 Google Scholar

30. Johnson, J. H., W. Choi, and R. L. Moore, "Precision experimental characterization of the scattering and radiation properties of antennas ," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop., Vol. 30, 108-112, 1982. Google Scholar

31. Liang, J. X., C. C. Chian, X. D. Chen, and C. G. Parini, "Study of a printed circular disc monopole antenna for UWB systems," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop., Vol. 53, No. 11, 3500-3504, Nov. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.858598 Google Scholar

32. Yang, C., Q. Guo, and K. Huang, "Study of a double-feed circular disc monipole antenna for UWB systems," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 14/15, 1943-1952, 2010. Google Scholar

33. Lazaro, A., D. Girbau, and R. Villarino, "Analysis of vital signs monitoring using an IR-UWB radar," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 100, 265-284, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER09120302 Google Scholar

34. Angelopoulos, S., A. Z. Anastopoulos, D. I. Kaklamani, A. A. Alexandridis, F. Lazarakis, and K. Dangakis, "Circular and elliptical CPW-fed slot and microstrip-fed antennas for ultra wideband applications ," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 5, 294-297, 2006.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2006.878882 Google Scholar

35. Barbarino, S. and F. Consoli, "Uwb circular slot antenna provided with an inverted-l notch ¯lter for the 5 GHz WLAN band," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 104, 1-13, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10040507 Google Scholar

36. Chen, D. and C. H. Cheng, "A novel compact ultra-wideband (UWB) wide slot antenna with via holes," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 94, 343-349, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09062306 Google Scholar

Dr. Angel Ramos

Dr. Antonio Lazaro

Dr. David Girbau

Dr. Ramon Villarino