volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper the numerical and experimental investigations of four-port circulator utilizing longitudinally magnetized cylindrical ferrite coupled lines (CFCL) section are presented for the first time. In comparison to earlier models the proposed structure of circulator utilizes multilayer magic-T junction cascaded with cylindrical ferrite section of π/4 Faraday angle. The advantage of utilization of cylindrical section over the planar one is the possibility to design shorter ferrite junctions ensuring lower insertion losses. Moreover, the multilayer magic T-junction allows to improve performance of the proposed circulator by omitting the bandwidth limitation which exists in commonly used hybrid couplers with air-bridges. In the analysis of CFCL junction the full wave hybrid approach combining finite difference frequency domain method with method of moments and mode matching technique is applied. The planar feeding structures of circulator are designed with the use of commercial software. The simulated results of the entire circulator are compared with the measurement results of the fabricated prototype and a good agreement is achieved.

1. Yang, L.-Y. and K. Xie, "Design and measurement of nonuniform ferrite coupled line circulator," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 25, No. 1, 131-145, 2011.
doi:10.1163/156939311793898387 Google Scholar

2. Queck, C. K. and L. E. Davis, "Broad-band three-port and four-port stripline ferrite coupled line circulators," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 52, No. 2, 625-632, Feb. 2004.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.822024 Google Scholar

3. Marynowski, W. and J. Mazur, "Study of nonreciprocal devices using three-strip ferrite coupled line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 118, 487-504, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11051711 Google Scholar

4. Cao, M. and R. Pietig, "Ferrite coupled-line circulator with reduced length," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 53, No. 8, 2572-2579, Aug. 2005.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.852760 Google Scholar

5. Kusiek, A., W. Marynowski, and J. Mazur, "Investigations of the circulation e?ects in the structure using ferrite coupled slot-line section," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 49, No. 3, 692-696, Jan. 2007.
doi:10.1002/mop.22246 Google Scholar

6. Mazur, J., M. Solecka, R. Poltorak, and M. Mazur, "Theoretical and experimental treatment of a microstrip coupled ferrite line circulator," IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 151, No. 6, 477-480, Dec. 2004.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20041047 Google Scholar

7. Mazur, J., M. Mazur, J. Michalski, and E. Sedek, "Isolator using a ferrite-coupled-lines gyrator," IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 149, No. 5-6, 291-294, Oct./Dec. 2002.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20020570 Google Scholar

8. Marynowski, W., A. Kusiek, and J. Mazur, "Microstrip ferrite coupled line isolators," XVI International Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications Conference, Vol. 1, 342-345, Krakow, Poland, May 2006. Google Scholar

9. Marynowski, W., A. Kusiek, and J. Mazur, "Microstrip four-port circulator using a ferrite coupled line section," AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 63, No. 9, 801-808, Jul. 2008.
doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2008.06.008 Google Scholar

10. Kusiek, A., W. Marynowski, and J. Mazur, "Investigations of nonreciprocal devices employing cylindrical ferrite coupled line junction," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 26, No. 13, 1685-1693, 2012.
doi:10.1080/09205071.2012.708971 Google Scholar

11. Queck, C. K. and L. E. Davis, "Microstrip and stripline ferrite-coupled-lines (FCL) circulators," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50, No. 12, 2910-2917, Dec. 2002.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2002.805184 Google Scholar

12. Mazur, J. and M. Mrozowski, "On the mode coupling in longitudinally magnetized waveguiding structures," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 37, No. 1, 159-164, Jan. 1989.
doi:10.1109/22.20034 Google Scholar

13. Mazur, J., M. Mazur, and J. Michalski, "Coupled-mode design of ferrite-loaded coupled-microstrip-lines section," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50, No. 6, 1487-1494, Jun. 2002.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2002.1006409 Google Scholar

14. Chiang, C. T. and B.-K. Chung, "Ultra wideband power divider using tapered line," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 106, 61-73, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIER10061603 Google Scholar

15. Zhang, H., X.-W. Shi, F. Wei, and L. Xu, "Compact wideband gysel power divider with arbitrary power division based on patch type structure," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 119, 395-406, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER11071501 Google Scholar

16. Sedighy, S. H. and M. Khalaj-Amirhosseini, "Compact Wilkinson power divider using stepped impedance transmission lines," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 25, No. 13, 1773-1782, 2011.
doi:10.1163/156939311797453980 Google Scholar

17. Liu, G.-Q., L.-S. Wu, and W.-Y. Yin, "A compact microstrip rat-race coupler with modified lange and T-shaped arms," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 115, 509-523, 2011. Google Scholar

18. Li, Q., X.-W. Shi, F. Wei, and J. G. Gong, "A novel planar 180° out-of-phase power divider for UWB application," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 25, No. 1, 161-167, 2011.
doi:10.1163/156939311793898288 Google Scholar

19. Kazerooni, M. and M. Aghalari, "Size reduction and harmonic suppression of rat-race hybrid coupler using defected microstrip structure," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 26, 87-96, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIERL11071704 Google Scholar

20. Deng, P.-H., J.-H. Guo, and W.-C. Kuo, "New Wilkinson power dividers based on compact stepped-impedance transmission lines and shunt open stubs," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 123, 407-426, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11111612 Google Scholar

21. Davidovitz, M., "A compact planar magic-T junction with aperture-coupled difference port," IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. 7, No. 8, 217-218, Aug. 1997.
doi:10.1109/75.605482 Google Scholar

22. Marynowski, W. and J. Mazur, "Investigation of multilayer magicT configurations using novel microstrip-slotline transitions," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 129, 98-108, 2012. Google Scholar

23. Kusiek, A., W. Marynowski, and J. Mazur, "Investigations of cylindrical ferrite coupled line junction using hybrid technique," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 120, 143-164, 2011. Google Scholar

24. Kusiek, A. and J. Mazur, "Analysis of scattering from arbitrary configuration of cylindrical objects using hybrid finite-difference mode-matching method," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 97, 105-127, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09072804 Google Scholar

25. Kaneda, N., B. Housmand, and T. Itoh, "FDTD analysis of dielectric resonators with curved surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 45, No. 9, 1645-1649, Sep. 1997.
doi:10.1109/22.622937 Google Scholar

26. Kowalczyk, P., M. Wiktor, and M. Mrozowski, "Efficient finite difference analysis of microstructured optical fibers," Optics Express, Vol. 13, No. 25, 10349-10359, Dec. 2005.
doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.010349 Google Scholar

27. Garcia, S. G., T. M. Hung-Bao, R. G. Martin, and B. G. Olmedo, "On the application of finite methods in time domain to anisotropic dielectric waveguides," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 44, No. 12, 2195-2206, Dec. 1996.
doi:10.1109/22.556447 Google Scholar

Dr. Adam Kusiek

Dr. Wojciech Marynowski

Dr. Jerzy Mazur