volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this paper, a new technique to realize lumped dual-band impedance transformers for arbitrary frequency-dependent complex loads is proposed. For the complex impedance transforming, closed-form design equations are presented for a series-shunt and a shunt-series type and a concept of combination is also presented. They use the proposed equation of input impedance. This equation can easily and exactly obtain the input impedance of any two-port network using the ABCD matrix. Then, in order to realize dual-band operation, four topologies comprising two types and a design method are presented. This technique is numerically demonstrated by various examples with excellent results and it has advantages of simplicity, intuitiveness and versatility because it is a general solution for complex impedance transforming. The proposed dual-band impedance transforming technique can be utilized for practical matching problems such as microwave amplifiers and other devices.

1. Chow, Y. L. and K. L. Wan, "A transformer of one-third wavelength in two sections-for a frequency and its first harmonic," IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 12, No. 1, 22-23, Jan. 2002.
doi:10.1109/7260.975723 Google Scholar

2. Monzon, C., "A small dual-frequency transformer in two sections," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 4, 1157-1161, Apr. 2003.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.809675 Google Scholar

3. Wu, Y., Y. Liu, and S. Li, "A Compact pi-structure dual band transformer," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 88, 121-134, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08102601 Google Scholar

4. Sophocles, J. and A. Orfanidis, "Two-section dual-band Chebyshev impedance transformer," IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 13, No. 9, 382-384, Sep. 2003.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2003.817135 Google Scholar

5. Castaldi, G., V. Fiumara, and I. Gallina, "An exact synthesis method for dual-band Chebyshev impedance transformers," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 86, 305-319, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08100605 Google Scholar

6. Kuo, J.-T., C.-Y. Fan, and S.-C. Tang, "Dual-wideband bandpass ¯llters with extended stopband based on coupled-line and coupled three-line resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 124, 1-15, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11120103 Google Scholar

7. Wu, L., Z. Sun, H. Yilmaz, and M. Berroth, "A dual-frequency Wilkinson power divider," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory Techniques, Vol. 54, No. 1, 278-284, 2006.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.860300 Google Scholar

8. Li, B., X. Wu, N. Yang, and W. Wu, "Dual-band equal/unequal Wilkinson power dividers based on coupled-line section with short-circuited stub," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 111, 163-178, 2011.
doi:10.2528/PIER10110108 Google Scholar

9. Li, J. C., Y. L.Wu, Y. A. Liu, J. Y. Shen, S. L. Li, and C. P. Yu, "A generalized coupled-line dual-band Wilkinson power divider with extended ports," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 129, 197-214, 2012. Google Scholar

10. Fagotti, R., A. Cidronali, and G. Manes, "Concurrent hex-band GaN power amplifier for wireless communication systems," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 21, No. 2, 89-91, 2011. Google Scholar

11. Chen, W., S. A. Bassam, X. Li, Y. Liu, K. Rawat, M. Helaoui, F. M. Ghannouchi, and Z. Feng, "Design and linearization of concurrent dual-band Doherty power amplifier with frequency-dependent power ranges ," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 59, No. 10, 2537-2546, Oct. 2011.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2011.2164089 Google Scholar

12. Chen, X. Q., X. W. Shi, Y. C. Guo, and C. M. Xiao, "A novel dual band transmitter using microstrip defected ground structure," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 83, 1-11, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08041503 Google Scholar

13. Wu, Y., Y. Liu, and S. Li, "A dual-frequency transformer for complex impedances with two unequal sections," IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 19, No. 2, 77-79, 2009.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2008.2011315 Google Scholar

14. Liu, X., Y. Liu, S. Li, F. Wu, and Y. Wu, "A three-section dual-band transformer for frequency-dependent complex load impedance," IEEE Microwave Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 19, No. 10, 611-613, Oct. 2009. Google Scholar

15. Chuang, M. L., "Dual-band impedance transformer using two-section shunt stubs," IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory Techniques, Vol. 58, No. 5, 1257-1263, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/TMTT.2010.2045560 Google Scholar

16. Nikravan, M. A. and Z. Atlasbaf, "T-section dual-band impedance transformer for frequency-dependent complex loads," Electronics Letters, Vol. 47, No. 9, 551-553, Apr. 2011.
doi:10.1049/el.2010.7452 Google Scholar

17. Li, S., B. H. Tang, Y. A. Liu, S. L. Li, C. P. Yu, and Y. L. Wu, "Miniaturized dual-band matching technique based on coupled-line transformer for dual-band power amplifiers design," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 131, 195-210, 2012. Google Scholar

18. Liu, Y., Y.-J. Zhao, and Y. Zhou, "Lumped dual-frequency impedance transformers for frequency-dependent complex loads," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 126, 121-138, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIER11121207 Google Scholar

19. Pozar, D. M., Microwave Engineering, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York, 2005.

20. Medley, M. W., Microwave and RF Circuits: Analysis, Synthesis, and Design, Artech House, 1993.

21. Caloz, C. and T. Itoh, Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications, Wiley, New York, 2006.

22. Caloz, C., "Dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) transmission line metamaterial," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 16, No. 11, 585-587, Nov. 2006.
doi:10.1109/LMWC.2006.884773 Google Scholar

Dr. Byeong-Taek Moon

Dr. Noh-Hoon Myung