volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this work, a special indefinite medium is used to produce a plane wave beam due to its linear type equifrequency contour resulted by the zero parameter in the permeability tenser. Only one transmitting mode exists in such a medium, composing the plane wave beam propagating along the zero parameter direction. Parameters along the field vectors of the wave are 1, enabling the wave propagation in the medium like in the air, which is totally different from the zero-index medium. A split ring resonator (SRR)-arrays based metamaterial is used to realize such a medium and produce an approximate plane wave beam experimentally. This idea proposes a feasible way to generate a near field plane wave beam with certain beamwidth, which can also be applied in cylindrical coordination or 3D cases.

1. Smith, , D. R., D. Schurig, and , "Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with inde¯nite permittivity and permeability tensors," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 90, 077405, 2003.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.077405 Google Scholar

2. Smith, , D. R., D. Schurig, J. J. Mock, P. Kolinko, and P. Rye, "artial focusing of radiation by a slab of indefinite media ," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 84, 2244-2246, 2004.
doi:10.1063/1.1690471 Google Scholar

3. Hoffman, A. J., L. Alekseyev, S. S. Howard, K. J. Franz, D. Wasserman, V. A. Podolskiy, E. E. Narimanov, D. Sivco, and C. Gmachl, "Negative refraction in semiconductor metamaterials," Nat. Mater., Vol. 6, 946-950, , 2007..
doi:10.1038/nmat2033 Google Scholar

4. Yao, , J., Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, C. Sun, G. Bartal, A. M. Stac, and X. Zhang, "Optical negative refraction in bulk metamaterials of nanowires ," Science, Vol. 321, 930, 2008.
doi:10.1126/science.1157566 Google Scholar

5. Liu, , S. H., L. X. Guo, and , "Negative refraction in an anisotropic metamaterial with a rotation angle between the principal axis and the planar interface," Progress In Electromagnetics Research,, Vol. 115, 243-257, 2011. Google Scholar

6. Wheeland, , S., A. V. Amirkhizi, and S. Nemat-Nasser, , "Soft-focusing in anisotropic indefinite media through hyperbolic dispersion," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, , Vol. 132, 389-402, 2012. Google Scholar

7. Qiao, , S., G. Zheng, H. Zhang, and L. X. Ran, "Transition behavior of K-surface: From hyperbola to ellipse," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 267-277, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08011104 Google Scholar

8. Sun, , J. B., L. Kang, R. Wang, L. Y. Yun, L. Sun, and J. Zhou, "Low loss negative refraction metamaterial using a close arrangement of split-ring resonator arrays," New J. Phys., Vol. 12, 083020, 2010.
doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/8/083020 Google Scholar

9. Lindell, I. V., S. A. Tretyakov, K. I. Nikoskinen, and S. Ilvonen, "BW media-media with negative parameters, capable of supporting backward waves," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 31, 129-133, 2001.
doi:10.1002/mop.1378 Google Scholar

10. Fang, , A., T. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, , "Optical anisotropic metamaterials: Negative refraction and focusing," Phys. Rev. B , Vol. 79, 245127, 2009.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.245127 Google Scholar

11. Jacob, , Z., L. V. Alekseyev, and E. Narimanov, , "Optical hyperlens: Far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit," Opt. Express,, Vol. 14, 8247-8256, , 2006.
doi:10.1364/OE.14.008247 Google Scholar

12. Lee, , H., Z. Liu, Y. Xiong, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, , "Development of optical hyperlens for imaging below the diffraction limit," Opt. Express, Vol. 15, 15886-15891, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.015886 Google Scholar

13. Liu, , Z., H. Lee, L. Xiong, C. Sun, and X. Zhang, , "Far-field optical hyperlens magnifying sub-diffraction-limited objects," Science,, Vol. 315, , 1686, , 2007..
doi:10.1126/science.1137368 Google Scholar

14. Ma, Y. G., P. Wang, X. Chen, and C. K. Ong, "Near-field plane-wave-like beam emitting antenna fabricated by anisotropic metamaterial," Appl. Phys. Lett.,, Vol. 94, 044107, 2009.
doi:10.1063/1.3077128 Google Scholar

15. Silveirinha, , M., N. Engheta, and , "Design of matched zero-index metamaterials using nonmagnetic inclusions in epsilon-near-zero media," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 75, , 075119, , 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075119 Google Scholar

16. Alu, , A., M. G. Silveirinha, A. Salandrino, and N. Engheta, "Epsilon-near-zero metamaterials and electromagnetic sources: Tailoring the radiation phase pattern," Phys. Rev. B,, Vol. 75, 155410, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.155410 Google Scholar

17. Liu, , R., Q. Cheng, T. Hand, J. J. Mock, T. J. Cui, S. A. Cummer, and D. R. Smith, "Experimental demonstration of electromagnetic tunneling through an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial at microwave frequencies," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 100, 023903, , 2008.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.023903 Google Scholar

18. Ziolkowski, , R. W., , "Propagation in and scattering from a matched metamaterial having a zero index of refraction," Phys. Rev. E,, Vol. 70, 046608, 2004.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.046608 Google Scholar

19. Silveirinha, , M. G., N. Engheta, and , "Theory of supercoupling, squeezing wave energy, and field confinement in narrow channels and tight bends using " near-zero metamaterials," Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 76, 245109, 2007.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.76.245109 Google Scholar

20. Jin, , Y., S. He, and , "Enhancing and suppressing radiation with some permeability-near-zero structures," Opt. Express,, Vol. 18, 16587-16593, , 2010.
doi:10.1364/OE.18.016587 Google Scholar

21. Cheng, Q., W. X. Jiang, and T. J. Cui, "Spatial power combination for omnidirectional radiation via anisotropic metamaterials," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 108, 213903, , 2012.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.213903 Google Scholar

22. Smith, , D. R., D. C. Vier, T. Komschny, and C. M. Soukoulis, "Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 71, 036617, 2005.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036617 Google Scholar

23. Philippe, G. B., O. J. F. Martin, and , "Electromagnetic resonances in individual and coupled split-ring resonators," J. Appl. Phys.,, Vol. 92, 2929-2936, , 2002.
doi:10.1063/1.1497452 Google Scholar

24. Meng, , F. Y., Y. L. Li, K. Zhang, Q. Wu, and J. L.-W. Li, "A detached zero index metamaterial lens for antenna gain enhancement, ," Progress In Electromagnetics Research,, Vol. 132, 463-478, 2012. Google Scholar

25. Zhou, , H., Z. Pei, S. Qu, S. Zhang, and J. Wang, , "A planar zero-index metamaterial for directive emission," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 7, 953-962, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309788355289 Google Scholar

26. Zhou, , H., S. Qu, Z. Pei, Y. Yang, J. Zhang, J. Wang, H. Ma, C. Gu, X. Wang, Z. Xu, W. Peng, and P. Bai, "A high- directive patch antenna based on all-dielectric near-zero-index metamaterial superstrates," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 10, 1387-1396, 2010.
doi:10.1163/156939310791958680 Google Scholar

Dr. Jingbo Sun

Prof. Qian Zhao

Dr. Bo Li

Dr. Ji Zhou